Abstract:Background: As effective medication to treat COVID-19 is currently unavailable, preventive remedies may be particularly important. Objective: To examine the relationship between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) level and COVID-19 infection, its severity, and its clinical case characteristics. Methods: This case-control study compared serum 25(OH)D levels and rates of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) between 80 healthy controls and 62 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted to Guangxi People's Hospital, Chi… Show more
“…The remaining 380 records were filtered according to the titles and abstracts; 348 were excluded due to unrelated topics. We reviewed the full text of the remaining 32 studies and identified ten that met the inclusion criteria of the meta-analysis ( Baktash et al, 2020 , Chodick et al, 2020 , Avolio et al, 2020 , Hastie et al, 2020b ; Im et al, 2020; Mardani et al, 2020 , Meltzer et al, 2020 ; Merzon et al, 2020; Raisi-Estabragh et al, 2020 , Ye et al, 2020 ). Figure 1 Flow diagram of the literature search process.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Most participants were at least 50 years old. Most studies were conducted in Asia (n = 5), followed by Europe (n = 4)( Baktash et al, 2020 , Avolio et al, 2020 , Hastie et al, 2020a , Raisi-Estabragh et al, 2020 ),( Chodick et al, 2020 ; Im et al, 2020; Mardani et al, 2020 ; Merzon et al, 2020; Ye et al, 2020 ), and the United States (n = 1) ( Meltzer et al 2020 ). Table 1 lists the main descriptive statistics for all included studies.…”
“…The remaining 380 records were filtered according to the titles and abstracts; 348 were excluded due to unrelated topics. We reviewed the full text of the remaining 32 studies and identified ten that met the inclusion criteria of the meta-analysis ( Baktash et al, 2020 , Chodick et al, 2020 , Avolio et al, 2020 , Hastie et al, 2020b ; Im et al, 2020; Mardani et al, 2020 , Meltzer et al, 2020 ; Merzon et al, 2020; Raisi-Estabragh et al, 2020 , Ye et al, 2020 ). Figure 1 Flow diagram of the literature search process.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Most participants were at least 50 years old. Most studies were conducted in Asia (n = 5), followed by Europe (n = 4)( Baktash et al, 2020 , Avolio et al, 2020 , Hastie et al, 2020a , Raisi-Estabragh et al, 2020 ),( Chodick et al, 2020 ; Im et al, 2020; Mardani et al, 2020 ; Merzon et al, 2020; Ye et al, 2020 ), and the United States (n = 1) ( Meltzer et al 2020 ). Table 1 lists the main descriptive statistics for all included studies.…”
“…Severe/critical COVID-19 cases were significantly older and had higher percentages of comorbidity (renal failure) compared with mild cases, however, the statistically significant associations remained even after controlling for demographics and comorbidities. 56 Of course, the majority of these studies has aimed to correct the results from concomitant risk factors for vitamin D deficiency, but a residual confounding is still always possible. In fact, factors associated with worse COVID-19 prognosis include old age, ethnicity, male sex, socioeconomic level, as well as comorbidities like obesity, diabetes and hypertension, and all of these also associate with deficiency of vitamin D. 57 Therefore, the absence of specific treatment for COVID-19 generated many trials, but so far without final guide lines, the same holds true for testing the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections.…”
Section: Introduction Vitamin D and Covid-19mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Severe/critical COVID-19 cases were significantly older and had higher percentages of comorbidity (renal failure) compared with mild cases, however, the statistically significant associations remained even after controlling for demographics and comorbidities. 56 …”
“…Several studies (Baktash et al, 2020;Ye et al, 2020;Kaufman et al, 2020) have investigated the likely protective and mitigating effect of these supplements against COVID-19 infection and mortality. We are contributing in this direction by performing this first systematic review of existing evidence on the effect of Vitamin D on COVID-19 status.…”
BackgroundOne major micronutrient known to have a possible protective effect against COVID-19 disease is vitamin D. This systematic review sought to identify and synthesise available evidence to aid the understanding of the possible effect of vitamin D deficiency on COVID-19 status and health outcomes in COVID-19 patients.MethodsThree databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched systematically to obtain English language journal article published within 1/12/2019 and 3/11/2020. The search consisted of the terms (âVitamin D,â OR â25âĄHydroxyvitamin D,â OR âLow Vitamin D.â) AND (âCOVID-19â OR â2019-nCoVâ OR âCoronavirusâ OR âSARS-CoV-2â) AND (âdisease severityâ OR âIMVâ OR âICU admissionâ OR âmortalityâ OR âhospitalizationâ OR âinfectionâ). We followed the recommended PRISMA guidelines in executing this study. After going through the screening of the articles, eleven articles were included in the review.FindingsAlmost all the included studies reported a positive association between Vitamin D sufficiency and COVID-19 status and health outcomes. Vitamin D deficient patients (< 25 ng/mL) are 5.84 times [aOR=6.84, p=0.01] more likely to die from COVID-19 compared to the vitamin D sufficient people. Another study also found that Vitamin D deficiency is associated with higher risk of death with Hazard ratio (HR) 14.73, p<0.001. Vitamin D deficient (<12 ng/mL) people were 2.2 times [aOR=3.2, p=0.07] more likely to develop severe COVID-19 after adjusting for age, gender, obesity, cardiac disease, and kidney disease compared to the vitamin D sufficient people. One study found that after controlling for confounders, patients with low 25(OH)D (<30 ng/mL) level are more likely [aOR=1.45, p=<0.001] to be COVID-19 infected compared to the patients with 25(OH)D level >=30 ng/mL.ConclusionFindings from the study included suggest Vitamin D may serve as a mitigating effect for covid-19 infection, severity and mortality. We recommend the need to encourage people to eat foods rich in vitamin D such as fish, red meat, liver and egg yolks whiles at the same time providing vitamin D supplements for individuals with COVID-19 in order to boost their immune systems.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citationsâcitations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
