Does serotonin deficit mediate susceptibility to ADHD?

Banerjee, Emili; Nandagopal, Krishnadas

doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2015.02.001

Cited by 81 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 239 publications

(170 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies have reported that ADHD pathogenesis may be associated with dysregulation of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), and norepinephrine (Magula et al, 2019;Stewart et al, 2019;Suzuki et al, 2019). Others have shown that the incidence of ADHD may have a certain degree of heritability, and genes related to dopamine, norepinephrine, and 5-HT transmission have been found to be abnormally expressed in children with ADHD (Banerjee and Nandagopal, 2015;Karmakar et al, 2017;Kim et al, 2018). Although various theories have been proposed, the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying ADHD have not been fully clarified, which limits the development of new treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case-Control Study of the Effects of Gut Microbiota Composition on Neurotransmitter Metabolic Pathways in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

et al. 2020

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Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric condition that may be related to an imbalance of neural transmitters. The gut microbiota is the largest ecosystem in the human body, and the brain-gut axis theory proposes that the gut microbiome can affect brain function in multiple ways. The purpose of this study was to explore the gut microbiota in children with ADHD and assess the possible role of the gut microbiota in disease pathogenesis to open new avenues for ADHD treatment.Methods: A case-control design was used. We enrolled 17 children aged 6-12 years with ADHD who were treated in the Pediatric Outpatient Department of the First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital from January to June, 2019. Seventeen children aged 6-12 years were selected as the healthy control (HC) group. Fecal samples of cases and controls were analyzed by shotgun metagenomics sequencing. Alpha diversity and the differences in the relative abundances of bacteria were compared between the two groups. Functional annotations were performed for the microbiota genes and metabolic pathways were analyzed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Results:There was no significant difference in the alpha diversity of gut microbiota between the ADHD and HC groups. Compared with HCs, Faecalibacterium and Veillonellaceae were significantly reduced in children with ADHD (P < 0.05), Odoribacter and Enterococcus were significantly increased [linear discriminant analysis (LDA) > 2]. At the species level, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lachnospiraceae bacterium, and Ruminococcus gnavus were significantly reduced in the ADHD group (P < 0.05), while Bacteroides caccae, Odoribacter splanchnicus, Paraprevotella xylaniphila, and Veillonella parvula were increased (P < 0.05). Metabolic pathway analysis revealed significant between-group differences in the metabolic pathways of neurotransmitters (e.g., serotonin and dopamine) (P < 0.05). Frontiers in Neuroscience | www.frontiersin.org 1 February 2020 | Volume 14 | Article 127 Wan et al. Gut Microbiota Role in ADHDConclusion: Composition differences of gut microbiota in subjects with ADHD may contribute to brain-gut axis alterations and affect neurotransmitter levels, which could contribute to ADHD symptoms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case-Control Study of the Effects of Gut Microbiota Composition on Neurotransmitter Metabolic Pathways in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

et al. 2020

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“…The development and differentiation of the central nervous system (CNS) are crucially influenced by serotonin systems, which are involved in mood, behavioral, and cognitive functions (O'Mahony et al 2015). Through the orbitofrontal-striatal circuitry, serotonin may regulate behavioral domains of hyperactivity and impulsivity in ADHD (Banerjee and Nandagopal 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indole Tryptophan Metabolism and Cytokine S100B in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Daily Fluctuations, Responses to Methylphenidate, and Interrelationship with Depressive Symptomatology

Fernández-López

Molina-Carballo

Cubero-Millán

et al. 2020

Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology

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Background: Indole tryptophan metabolites (ITMs), mainly produced at the gastrointestinal level, participate in bidirectional gut-brain communication and have been implicated in neuropsychiatric pathologies, including attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: A total of 179 children, 5-14 years of age, including a healthy control group (CG, n = 49), and 107 patients with ADHD participated in the study. The ADHD group was further subdivided into predominantly attention deficit (PAD) and predominantly hyperactive impulsive (PHI) subgroups. Blood samples were drawn at 20:00 and 09:00 hours, and urine was collected between blood draws, at baseline and after 4.63 -2.3 months of methylphenidate treatment in the ADHD group. Levels and daily fluctuations of ITM were measured by tandem mass spectrometer, and S100B (as a glial inflammatory marker) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Factorial analysis of variance (Stata 12.0) was performed with groups/subgroups, time (baseline/after treatment), hour of day (morning/evening), and presence of depressive symptoms (DS; no/yes) as factors. Results: Tryptamine and indoleacetic acid (IAA) showed no differences between the CG and ADHD groups. Tryptamine exhibited higher evening values ( p < 0.0001) in both groups. No changes were associated with methylphenidate or DS. At baseline, in comparison with the rest of study sample, PHI with DS+ group showed among them much greater morning than evening IAA ( p < 0.0001), with treatment causing a 50% decrease ( p = 0.002). Concerning indolepropionic acid (IPA) MPH was associated with a morning IPA decrease and restored the daily profile observed in the CG. S100B protein showed greater morning than evening concentrations ( p = 0.001) in both groups. Conclusion: Variations in ITM may reflect changes associated with the presence of DS, including improvement, among ADHD patients.

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“…In particular, reduced levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine are reported to be strongly associated with ADHD symptoms 5 ) . Furthermore, Neuro-anatomical investigations suggest that serotonin, through the orbitofrontal-striatal circuit, may regulate the behavioral domains of hyperactivity and impulsivity in ADHD 6 ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of combined exercise on physical fitness and neurotransmitters in children with ADHD: a pilot randomized controlled study

Lee

Park

2015

J Phys Ther Sci

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[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of a jump rope and ball combined exercise program on the physical fitness the neurotransmitter (epinephrine, serotonin) levels of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were 12 boys attending elementary school, whose grade levels ranged from 1–4. The block randomization method was used to distribute the participants between the combined exercise group (n = 6) and control group (n = 6). The program consisted of a 60-min exercise (10-min warm-up, 40-min main exercise, and 10-min cool down) performed three times a week, for a total of 12 weeks. [Results] The exercise group showed a significant improvement in cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle strength, muscle endurance and flexibility after 12 weeks. A significant increase in the epinephrine level was observed in the exercise group. [Conclusion] The 12-week combined exercise program in the current study (jump rope and ball exercises) had a positive effect on overall fitness level, and neurotransmission in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

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Does serotonin deficit mediate susceptibility to ADHD?

Cited by 81 publications

References 239 publications

Case-Control Study of the Effects of Gut Microbiota Composition on Neurotransmitter Metabolic Pathways in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Case-Control Study of the Effects of Gut Microbiota Composition on Neurotransmitter Metabolic Pathways in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Indole Tryptophan Metabolism and Cytokine S100B in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Daily Fluctuations, Responses to Methylphenidate, and Interrelationship with Depressive Symptomatology

Effects of combined exercise on physical fitness and neurotransmitters in children with ADHD: a pilot randomized controlled study

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