Does selective vagotomy affect conditioned flavor-nutrient preferences in rats?

Horn, Charles C.; Mitchell, James C.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(95)02020-9

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…After an overnight fast, animals were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg, ip; Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and vagotomies were performed using a thermal cautery according to previously established procedures (De Jonghe et al, 2008; Horn et al, 1996). Briefly, a midline incision was made in the abdomen, the stomach was gently manipulated to reveal the ventral and dorsal trunks of the subdiaphragmatic vagus, and both of these trunks were completely transected in vagotomized animals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brain Fos expression induced by the chemotherapy agent cisplatin in the rat is partially dependent on an intact abdominal vagus

Horn

2009

Autonomic Neuroscience

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Anticancer agents such as cisplatin stimulate nausea, vomiting, and behaviors indicative of malaise. Rats and mice, and probably all rodents, do not possess a vomiting response, and their ingestion of kaolin clay (a pica response) has been used as an index of malaise. Similar to the action of cisplatin on emesis in vomiting species, in the rat cisplatin activates vagal afferent fibers, and cisplatin-induced kaolin intake is largely dependent on an intact abdominal vagus. Cisplatin also stimulates Fos expression in the rat brain in areas known to play a role in emesis in other species, but it is not known whether vagal input is required for this CNS activation. In the present study, rats were given abdominal vagotomy or sham operation to test the role of an intact vagus on cisplatin-induced Fos expression 6 h after injection with saline or cisplatin (6 mg/kg, ip). Cisplatin treatment produced Fos expression in the area postrema and multiple levels of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) of sham-operated rats. Vagotomy reduced cisplatin-induced Fos expression in the caudal and middle levels of the NTS and central amygdala. Furthermore, cisplatin did not significantly alter Fos expression in the spinal cord (T8–T10) before or after vagotomy. These results suggest that a defined portion of cisplatin-induced Fos expression is dependent on vagal input, with a majority of this response determined by either direct action of cisplatin or humoral factors on the CNS.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vagotomy was verified by intraperitoneal injection of the retrograde neuronal tracer Fluoro-Gold (De Jonghe et al, 2008; Horn et al, 1996; Phillips et al, 1998). Four days before Fos testing, rats were given two 0.5-ml intraperitoneal injections of 0.1% Fluoro-Gold.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Fos expression induced by the chemotherapy agent cisplatin in the rat is partially dependent on an intact abdominal vagus

Horn

2009

Autonomic Neuroscience

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“…After an overnight fast animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (50 mg ⅐ kg Ϫ1 ⅐ ml Ϫ1 ip; Sigma), and vagotomies were performed according to previously established procedures with a thermal cautery (14,26). Animals were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: 1) CHB vagotomy, 2) accessory celiac branch plus dorsal celiac branch (Cel) vagotomy, 3) ventral gastric branch (Gas) vagotomy, or 4) a sham operation.…”

Section: Vagotomy Surgeriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another method is to inject into the peritoneal cavity a retrograde neuronal tracer, which is transported to cell columns of the dorsal motor nucleus (DMN), corresponding to different branches of the vagus. Verification of CHB vagotomy is not possible with this method because there are very few motor fibers in this branch that would allow retrograde labeling in the DMN (26,44,45). However, a follow-up study using four naive rats not used in the behavioral study was conducted to determine whether CHB vagotomy might lead to inadvertent destruction of vagal fibers of the ventral trunk.…”

Section: Vagotomy Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemotherapy-induced pica and anorexia are reduced by common hepatic branch vagotomy in the rat

Jonghe¹,

Horn²

2008

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Anticancer agents, such as cisplatin, induce vomiting, nausea, and anorexia. Cisplatin primarily acts on vagal afferents to produce emesis, but little is known about how this drug generates nausea and anorexia. Electrophysiology indicates that cisplatin activates vagal afferents of the common hepatic branch (CHB). Rats lack an emetic response but do ingest kaolin clay (a pica response) when made sick by toxins, and this behavior can be inhibited by antiemetic drugs. It has been postulated that pica may serve as a proxy for emesis in the rat. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of CHB or ventral gastric (Gas) or celiac (Cel) branch vagotomies on pica and anorexia produced by cisplatin in the rat. The effects of apomorphine, a dopamine receptor agonist, which induces emesis via a central mechanism, were also assessed. Cisplatin-induced pica was suppressed by CHB vagotomy (a 61% reduction) but not by Gas and Cel vagotomy. Suppression of daily food intake and body weight following cisplatin treatment was also blunted by CHB ablation but not by Gas or Cel vagotomy. No vagotomy condition exhibited altered apomorphine-induced pica. The results indicate that the CHB, which innervates primarily the duodenum, plays an important role in cisplatin-induced malaise. These data suggest that pica has sensory pathways similar to emetic systems, since a vagotomy condition inhibited cisplatin-induced pica but had no effect on apomorphine-induced pica. This investigation contributes to the delineation of the physiology of pica and neural systems involved in malaise in the nonvomiting rat.

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“…In other training sessions a different flavor (CS−) is paired with IG infusions of a nonnutritive solution (e.g., water). Flavor preferences are then assessed in a two-bottle test with both flavors presented together [e.g., 11,13,15,19,22,26,27,38]. Typically, several one-bottle training sessions are conducted prior to the first two-bottle choice test, by which time a significant preference is displayed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid acquisition of conditioned flavor preferences in rats

Ackroff

Dym

Yiin

et al. 2009

Physiology & Behavior

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Rats learn to prefer flavors paired with the post-oral effects of glucose. The present study examined how rapidly they acquire this preference. In Experiment 1, food-restricted rats were given repeated three-session training/testing cycles: one 30-min session with a CS+ flavor paired with intragastric (IG) infusion of 16% glucose, another session with a CS− flavor paired with IG water, and a third session with a choice between the flavors with their infusates. The rats preferred the CS+ (69%) in the first choice session, and preference increased across the six cycles to 86%. These data demonstrate that the post-oral reinforcing action of glucose is potent enough to support one-trial learning. In Experiment 2, two groups of rats were trained in the same way, with the CS+ flavor paired with IG infusion of 16% glucose or 7.1% corn oil emulsion, but tests were conducted under extinction conditions, with both CS+ and CS− flavors paired with IG water. Significant preference for the CS + was acquired more rapidly with glucose (71% CS+ in test 1) than with oil (69% CS+ in test 4). Consistent with previous work, the post-oral stimulation by glucose was more potent than that of isocaloric oil emulsion in conditioning preferences. The last experiment examined the acquisition rate for a flavor-taste conditioned preference. Rats were trained with a CS+ flavor mixed into an 8% fructose + 0.2% saccharin solution and a CS− flavor in 0.2% saccharin. The same three-session training/testing cycles were used, and in the tests the flavors were presented in saccharin. A significant 74% preference for the CS+ flavor was apparent by the second test. Together these studies show that the acquisition of flavor preferences, whether based on flavor-taste or flavor-nutrient associations, can be quite rapid.

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Does selective vagotomy affect conditioned flavor-nutrient preferences in rats?

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Brain Fos expression induced by the chemotherapy agent cisplatin in the rat is partially dependent on an intact abdominal vagus

Brain Fos expression induced by the chemotherapy agent cisplatin in the rat is partially dependent on an intact abdominal vagus

Chemotherapy-induced pica and anorexia are reduced by common hepatic branch vagotomy in the rat

Rapid acquisition of conditioned flavor preferences in rats

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