Does Salinity Mediate the Toxicity of Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (Pfos) in an Estuarine Fish?

Burcham, Lucy E.; Allmon, Elizabeth; Scherer, Meredith N.; Bushong, Anna G.; Hamilton, Matthew T.; Macheri, Sini; Coogan, Grace S.; Choi, Youngjoon; Lee, Linda; Sepúlveda, Marı́a S.; Hoskins, Tyler D.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.4409246

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…However, larvae treated with PFOS experienced significant mortality, with an LC 50 of 1.97 mg/L (1.64–2.16), while PFOA treatments did not result in any significant mortality ( Table 1 ). These results are in agreement with Burcham et al [ 24 ] where survival of sheepshead minnow embryos was not affected by PFOS exposure, while larvae were more sensitive. This lack of embryonic sensitivity may result from the chorion preventing the uptake of the chemicals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Although many groups have studied the effects of PFAS on aquatic organisms, over 95% of PFAS fish studies on the US EPA ECOTOX Knowledgebase have been conducted in freshwater species [ 19 ]. Salinity can influence PFAS kinetics [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], as well as toxicity [ 24 ]. As the ocean serves as a tertiary sink for many PFAS, it is imperative to better understand their effects on saltwater species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mixture Effects of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances on Embryonic and Larval Sheepshead Minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus)

Tanabe,

Key,

Chung

et al. 2024

Toxics

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous and persistent environmental contaminants originating from many everyday products. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are two PFAS that are commonly found at high concentrations in aquatic environments. Both chemicals have previously been shown to be toxic to fish, as well as having complex and largely uncharacterized mixture effects. However, limited information is available on marine and estuarine species. In this study, embryonic and larval sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) were exposed to several PFAS mixtures to assess lethal and sublethal effects. PFOS alone was acutely toxic to larvae, with a 96 h LC50 of 1.97 mg/L (1.64–2.16). PFOS + PFOA resulted in a larval LC50 of 3.10 (2.62–3.79) mg/L, suggesting an antagonistic effect. These observations were supported by significant reductions in malondialdehyde (105% ± 3.25) and increases in reduced glutathione concentrations (43.8% ± 1.78) in PFOS + PFOA exposures compared to PFOS-only treatments, indicating reduced oxidative stress. While PFOA reduced PFOS-induced mortality (97.0% ± 3.03), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) did not. PFOS alone did not affect expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (pparα) but significantly upregulated apolipoprotein A4 (apoa4) (112.4% ± 17.8), a downstream product of pparα, while none of the other individually tested PFAS affected apoa4 expression. These findings suggest that there are antagonistic interactions between PFOA and PFOS that may reduce mixture toxicity in larval sheepshead minnows through reduced oxidative stress. Elucidating mechanisms of toxicity and interactions between PFAS will aid environmental regulation and management of these ubiquitous pollutants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixture Effects of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances on Embryonic and Larval Sheepshead Minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus)

Tanabe,

Key,

Chung

et al. 2024

Toxics

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“…32 In addition, the salinity gradient (created by seawater intrusion) can increase PFAS sorption to sediments and particulate organic matter and increase the toxic potential of the dissolved fraction in water. 33,34 These processes are expected to govern PFAS distribution in the case of microestuaries, understudied small water bodies (<0.5 km 2 ) which are ubiquitous in semiarid regions. 7,9,35 Beyond their crucial role in supporting biodiversity and human life quality in heavily populated areas, microestuaries are the final barrier controlling fluxes of pollutants from land to sea.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These knowledge gaps widen when dealing with estuaries where geochemical conditions may affect PFAS transport and fate. , Prolonged water residence time in estuaries may lead to pronounced PFAS bioaccumulation through the food web . In addition, the salinity gradient (created by seawater intrusion) can increase PFAS sorption to sediments and particulate organic matter and increase the toxic potential of the dissolved fraction in water. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Microestuaries: Occurrence, Distribution, and Risks

Topaz,

Gridish,

Sade

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Microestuaries have a crucial role in supporting biodiversity and human life quality in heavily populated areas. They are also the last barrier controlling fluxes of pollutants from the land to sea. Here, we report the occurrence and distribution of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) during the dry season in three microestuaries. The total PFAS concentration (n = 12) at the studied estuaries was very high from a global perspective with maximum and median concentrations of 17.4 and 3.4 μg L −1 , respectively. These concentrations significantly exceed the recommended benchmarks for recreational activity. Our analysis reveals that a major fraction of PFAS originated from wastewater effluents, whereas point source pollution dominated when the estuary met an industrial zone containing refinery facilities. In the case of limited dilution by natural riverine water, we suggest using carbamazepine as a steady indicator for the identification of PFAS originating from wastewater. Although the three studied microestuaries exhibit similar characteristics (morphology, precipitation, watershed size, water volume, etc.), changes in water input and connectivity to the sea, along with local anthropogenic activity, dramatically alter the occurrence, concentrations, and distribution of PFAS. This study suggests that microestuaries are subjected to high ecological risk from PFAS pollution due to intensive anthropogenic activity.

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Does Salinity Mediate the Toxicity of Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (Pfos) in an Estuarine Fish?

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Mixture Effects of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances on Embryonic and Larval Sheepshead Minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus)

Mixture Effects of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances on Embryonic and Larval Sheepshead Minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus)

Exploring Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Microestuaries: Occurrence, Distribution, and Risks

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