Does replacing sedentary behaviour with light or moderate to vigorous physical activity modulate inflammatory status in adults?

Abstract

BackgroundSedentary behaviour, obesity and insulin resistance are associated with pro-inflammatory status. Limited data on whether physical activity modulates inflammatory status and counteracts obesity and insulin resistance associated low-grade inflammation exist. Our objective was to investigate associations between objectively measured physical activity and inflammatory status, and specifically whether substituting daily sedentary behaviour with light activity or moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), is associated with beneficial alterations to the inflammatory profile among middle-aged adults and those at increased cardiometabolic risk (obese and insulin resistant subjects).MethodsData are from a sub-sample of the Mitchelstown cohort; a population-based cross-sectional sample of 2047 Irish adults. Physical activity intensity and duration were measured in 396 participants for 7-consecutive days using the GENEActiv accelerometer. Isotemporal regression analysis examined the associations between replacing 30 min per day of sedentary behaviour with equal amounts of light activity and MVPA on inflammatory factors (serum acute-phase reactants, adipocytokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines and white blood cells (WBC)).ResultsReallocating 30 min of sedentary time with MVPA was associated with a more favourable inflammatory profile characterized by higher adiponectin and lower complement component C3 (C3), leptin, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and WBC concentrations (P < 0.05). No significant effects were noted with substitution of sedentary time with light activity. Among the obese subjects replacing sedentary behaviour with an equivalent amount of MVPA was associated with lower WBC counts (P < 0.05); no associations were detected among the insulin resistant (HOMA-IR >75th percentile) subjects. Among the non-obese and non-insulin resistant subjects substituting 30 min of sedentary behaviour with MVPA was associated with decreased C3, IL-6 and WBC concentrations.ConclusionsReplacing sedentary behaviour with MVPA modulates pro-inflammatory status. These findings, which highlight the need for the developing randomized trials aimed at lowering cardiometabolic risk, warrant further investigation.

Intergenerational associations of dietary inflammatory index with birth outcomes and weight status at age 5 and 9: Results from the Lifeways cross‐generation cohort study

“…Lifestyle factors are associated with subclinical inflammation, and dietary habits may play a central role in the regulation of chronic inflammation, at least in non‐pregnant adults . Regular physical activity and replacement of sedentary behaviour with moderate to vigorous physical activity have been associated with more favourable inflammatory profiles in adults . On the other hand, adverse lifestyle habits such as smoking and alcohol consumption have been linked with elevated inflammatory status and more pro‐inflammatory diets, in line with our findings.…”

“…We identified significant associations between more pro‐inflammatory paternal and PGM E‐DII scores and higher risk of childhood overweight/obesity, which may be partly explained by food modelling practices at home . The difference in E‐DII scores between mothers and fathers in our study is noteworthy and is keeping with previously reported gender differences in DII scores among adults . Further studies examining the human intergenerational influence of dietary inflammation on offspring outcomes are warranted.…”

“…7,8 Regular physical activity and replacement of sedentary behaviour with moderate to vigorous physical activity have been associated with more favourable inflammatory profiles in adults. 38 On the other hand, adverse lifestyle habits such as smoking and alcohol consumption have been linked with elevated inflammatory status 4,5 and more pro-inflammatory diets, 13,39 in line with our findings. Specific nutrients also are considered to be anti-inflammatory, such as fibre, folate and vitamins E and C. 40 Our results are consistent with these findings; in addition, we also report an inverse association between parental E-DII and HEI scores observed in previous studies.…”

“…47 The difference in E-DII scores between mothers and fathers in our study is noteworthy and is keeping with previously reported gender differences in DII scores among adults. 38 Further studies examining the human intergenerational influence of dietary inflammation on offspring outcomes are warranted.…”

Comparison of Acute Bout of Moderate Intensity and High Intensity Exercise on Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Markers and Neurocognitive Parameters between Male Athletes and Non-athletes – A Randomized Controlled Study

“…In addition, previous studies states that increasing amounts of sedentary behaviour were associated with unfavourable alterations in the inflammatory profile, which increases the inflammation. [23] When we compare moderate with high intensity exercise, we found a significant improvement in total antioxidant and leptin values with moderate intensity exercise in both athletes and non-athletes. Our findings are supported by the studies, which states that moderate intensity exercise inhibits free radical generation and increases the antioxidant levels [24] and inflammation, while high intensity exercise induces the free radical generation.…”