“…Some have made the case for "value" explanations: those who have "postmaterial" values stressing the environment, quality of life, social tolerance, and personal freedom are more likely to have broader identities than those who focus on "materialist" values (Inglehart 1990). Finally, others argue for ideological explanations, seeing "Europeanness" as an artifact of left, right, or even centrist political thinking, or perhaps of "neo-liberal" ideology Marks 2005, 2012;Nelsen, Guth, and Highsmith 2011).…”