Does Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome (Ascites) Occur More Frequently in Broilers Medicated with Monensin?

Chapman, M. E.; Chapman, H. D.; Wideman, Robert F.; Huff, W. E.; Hacker, Anja; Rath, N. C.; Balog, J. M.

doi:10.3382/ps.0741591

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…High concentrations of monensin have toxic effects upon the cardiovascular system of chickens (Hanrahan et al, 1981;Wagner et al, 1983) and Julian (1993) has suggested that monensin toxicity may result in mortality of up to 5% in broiler flocks caused by pulmonary hypertension (ascites). No differences in mortality due to ascites and no differences in right ventricle:total ventricular weight ratios or electrocardiogram values were observed in chickens reared in floor pens and given 121 mg/kg of monensin, indicating that pulmonary hypertension did not occur more frequently in birds given this drug (Chapman et al, 1995).…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 83%

Forty years of monensin for the control of coccidiosis in poultry

Chapman

Jeffers

Williams³

2010

Poultry Science

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261

167

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In July 1971, the polyether ionophorous antibiotic monensin was introduced in the United States for the control of coccidiosis in poultry. At that time, prospects for new anticoccidial agents were not good. Amprolium had enjoyed several years of use, but many other compounds had been abandoned as resistance to them developed. After the introduction of monensin, most commercial broilers were medicated with the drug and it is still widely used for this purpose today. Apart from in poultry, monensin is also used to control coccidiosis in game birds, sheep, and cattle. Indeed, more animals have been medicated with ionophores, such as monensin, for control of disease than any other medicinal agents in the history of veterinary medicine. In this review, we discuss the discovery, mode of action, and efficacy of monensin, together with matters of importance to the poultry industry such as commercial use, drug resistance, toxicity, pharmacology and residues, host immunity to coccidiosis, and effects in other avian species.

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Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 83%

Forty years of monensin for the control of coccidiosis in poultry

Chapman

Jeffers

Williams³

2010

Poultry Science

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261

167

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“…The extent to which chemical growth promotion affects these thyroid metabolic pathways, and hence ascites incidence, is poorly de® ned. One recent study showed no effect of treatment with monensin on the incidence of pulmonary hypertension syndrome (Chapman et al, 1995).…”

Section: The Role Of Infectious Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascites in poultry: Recent investigations

Currie¹

1999

Avian Pathology

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In recent years, ascites research has centred on gaining an increased understanding of pulmonary hypertension syndrome together with the potential role of primary cardiac pathologies. The impact at a cellular level of factors which trigger ascites and substances that protect against it has also been documented. Primary pulmonary hypertension has been induced when birds are exposed to hypoxia during incubation. The conditions experienced during this phase of development may impact on the ability of the bird to regulate its basal metabolic rate through endocrine signals controlled by thyroid activity. The extent of ventilation in the lung in¯uences the ability of the bird to oxygenate haemoglobin. Ventilation/ perfusion mismatches may occur prior to or post-hatching. This factor has been studied extensively using the pulmonary artery/bronchus clamp model. At high altitude, a decreased ventilation/perfusion ratio may occur following the effective increase in physiological dead space due to the lowered oxygen tension at the level of the parabronchi. This explains the mechanism by which ascites is triggered by hypoxia in this particular situation. The effects of ascites are ameliorated by the use of b 2 agonists and dietary arginine, which act by increasing ventilation and blood¯ow in the lungs and thus correcting a ventilation/perfusion mismatch. Transient bacterial and viral infections may also in¯uence the induction of pulmonary hypertension. The increases in blood viscosity associated with ascites are most probably a consequence of the condition rather than a cause. A bird may alleviate the effects of pulmonary hypertension by decreasing blood viscosity through inhibition of platelet function, increased erythrocyte deformability and the production of coronary relaxants. Evidence is accumulating that primary cardiac pathology may be associated with a number of ascites cases. Broilers that subsequently develop ascites, exhibit lower heart rates than their normal¯ock mates. Furthermore, during ascites, hypoxic broilers exhibit bradycardia as opposed to the expected tachycardia. In these cases, a tachycardia induced by feed restriction may protect the bird by raising its cardiac output. Right atrio-ventricular regurgitant¯ow velocities in chickens are relatively slow compared with similar regurgitant¯ows induced by pulmonary hypertension in other species. The conduction system in the avian heart is specialized and contains a recurrent bundle branch that innervates the right atrio-ventricular valve, thus initiating active valve closure before right ventricular systole. This predisposes the heart to right ventricular volume overload through a valvular incompetance following a failure of valvular innervation. The resultant elevated diastolic wall stress can trigger the production of angiotensin II and its converting enzyme, which mediate ventricular hypertrophy. Subclinical myocardial damage, irrespective of its cause, can be detected by the presence of troponin T in the blood. Reactive oxygen species may damage cell me...

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“…No período de 1 a 21 dias de idade, não foi observado efeito significativo para CR, GP e CA entre os tratamentos nos três experimentos, à semelhança dos resultados de DAMRON (1994), porém contrariamente a CHAPMAN et al (1995), que observaram redução no CR e no GP em aves medicadas com 121 ppm de MON, aos 22 dias de idade.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Avaliação da monensina no desempenho e rendimento de carcaça e partes de frangos de corte

et al. 2000

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RESUMO -Foram realizados três experimentos para avaliar o desempenho e o rendimento de cortes e carcaça de frangos de corte, recebendo ou não monensina (MON) na dieta, em diferentes doses (D) (100, 110 e 120 ppm), de acordo com as fases de crescimento (FC) (1 a 21, 22 a 40 e 41 a 45/46 dias de idade). O experimento 1 foi realizado em gaiolas metabólicas, no qual foram determinadas energia metabolizável aparente (EMA), digestibilidade da matéria seca -MS (DMS) e retenção de nitrogênio (RN). Os experimentos 2 e 3 foram realizados em boxes. No experimento 3, a conversão alimentar (CA) foi melhor nos tratamentos com MON, principalmente na FC de 22 a 40 dias. As doses de 100 e 110 ppm de MON mostraram melhor resposta que 120 ppm, sobretudo quando não houve retirada na droga nos cinco últimos dias da FC. No experimento 3, as aves que não receberam MON tiveram maior consumo de ração (CR). Não foram observadas diferenças na DMS, EMA e RN das rações experimentais. Nos experimentos 1 e 2, a manutenção da droga na última semana influenciou positivamente o rendimento de carcaça e a dose de 110 ppm mostrou maior rendimento de peito que as demais. A gordura abdominal não foi influenciada pelas doses de MON nas dietas. O uso de MON influenciou positivamente a CA de frangos de corte. Apesar do reduzido CR, o ganho de peso das aves que receberam MON na dieta não foi alterado.Palavras-chave: anticoccidiano, desempenho, frangos de corte, monensina, rendimento de carcaça Evaluation of Monensin on the Performance and Carcass and Cuts Yield of BroilersABSTRACT -Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance and carcass yield of broilers, receiving or not monensin (MON), at different levels (100,110 and 120 ppm) according to the growth phase (GP) (1 to 21; 22 at 40 and 41 to 45/46 days of age). The Experiment 1 was performed at metabolic cages and the AME, dry matter digestibility (DDM.) and nitrogen retention (NR) were determined. The Experiments 2 and 3 were performed at floor pens. In the Experiment 3, feed:gain ratio (F/G) was improved with MON, mainly from 22 to 40 days. The 100 and 110-ppm levels better responded than 120 ppm, mainly without drug withdrawal in the last GP. In the Experiment 3, birds without MON had higher feed intake (FI). No differences were observed in DMD, ME or NR. In the Experiments 1 and 2, the maintenance of the drug up to the last week positively influenced the carcass yield and 110-ppm dose showed higher breast yield than other levels. Abdominal fat was not affected by the MON levels in the diets. The use of MON positively affected the broiler F/G. The birds weight gain was not affected, even with reduced CR. IntroduçãoA coccidiose é uma das principais doenças avícolas, causada por protozoários que infectam o trato digestivo das aves, determinando redução na utilização dos nutrientes e conseqüente diminuição no crescimento. Para controlar estes organismos, utilizam-se agentes anticoccidianos, como a monensina (MON), que tem sido usada para este fim desde 1971. No entanto, muitos trabalhos...

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Does Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome (Ascites) Occur More Frequently in Broilers Medicated with Monensin?

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Forty years of monensin for the control of coccidiosis in poultry

Forty years of monensin for the control of coccidiosis in poultry

Ascites in poultry: Recent investigations

Avaliação da monensina no desempenho e rendimento de carcaça e partes de frangos de corte

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