Does Post-Activation Performance Enhancement Occur during the Bench Press Exercise under Blood Flow Restriction?

Wilk, Michał; Krzysztofik, Michał; Filip, Aleksandra; Szkudlarek, Agnieszka; Lockie, Robert G.; Zając, Adam

doi:10.3390/ijerph17113752

Cited by 15 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…What is more, the scope of research on the influence of the PAPE effect, undertaken recently, indicates that it may have a much wider application in training practice. Studies examining the effect of a CA on subsequent exercise volume (Alves et al, 2019 ; Krzysztofik et al, 2020a ), the combined effects of supplements, and the implementation of blood flow restriction in order to increase the response (Wang et al, 2016 ; Guerra et al, 2018 ; Wilk et al, 2020 ) or the opposite approach of the potentiation complex (e.g., explosive task before resistance exercises with high intensity) (Wilcox et al, 2006 ; Krzysztofik and Wilk, 2020 ) should be continued.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-activation Performance Enhancement in the Bench Press Throw: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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Background: Mechanical power output is recognized as a critical characteristic of an athlete with regard to superior performance during a competition. It seems fully justified that ballistic exercises, in which the external load is projected into a flight phase, as in the bench press throw (BPT), are the most commonly prescribed exercises for the development of power output. In addition, the muscular phenomenon known as post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE), which is an acute improvement in strength and power performance as a result of recent voluntary contractile history, has become the focus of many strength and conditioning training programs. Although the PAPE phenomenon is widely used in the upper-body training regimens, there are still several issues regarding training variables that facilitate the greatest increase in power output and need to be resolved.Objective: The purposes of this meta-analysis were to determine the effect of performing a conditioning activity (CA) on subsequent BPT performances and the influence of different types of CA, intra-complex rest intervals, and intensities during the CA on the upper-body PAPE effect in resistance-trained men.Methods: A search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus) was conducted to identify all studies that investigated the PAPE in the BPT up to August 2020. Eleven articles, which met the inclusion criteria, were consequently included for quality assessment and data extraction. All studies included 174 resistance-trained men [age: 25.2 ± 2.1 years; weight: 88.4 ± 7.5 kg; height: 1.82 ± 0.03 m; bench press (BP) relative strength: 1.31 ± 0.14 kg ± kg−1] as participants. Meta-analyses of standardized mean effect size (ES) between pre-CA mean and post-CA mean from individual studies were conducted using the random-effects model.Results: The effect of PAPE in the BPT was small (ES = 0.33; p < 0.01). The BP exercise as a CA at an intensity of 60–84% one-repetition maximum (1RM) (ES = 0.43) induced slightly greater PAPE effect than a ballistic–plyometric (ES = 0.29) and a BP exercise at ≥85% 1RM and at >100% 1RM as well as a concentric-only BP (ES = 0.23 and 0.22; ES = 0.11, respectively). A single set (ES = 0.37) of the CA resulted in a slightly greater effect than a multiple set (ES = 0.29). Moderate rest intervals induced a slightly greater PAPE effect for intensity below 85% 1RM (5–7 min, ES = 0.48) than shorter (0.15–4 min, ES = 0.4) and longer (≥8 min, ES = 0.36) intra-complex rest intervals. Considering an intensity above 85% 1RM during the CA, a moderate rest interval resulted in a similar PAPE effect (5–7 min, ES = 0.3) compared with longer (8 min, ES = 0.29) intra-complex rest interval, whereas shorter rest intervals resulted in a negative effect on BPT performance (0.15–4 min, ES = −0.13).Conclusion: The presented meta-analysis shows that performing a CA induces a small PAPE effect for the BPT performance in resistance-trained men. Individuals seeking to improve their BPT performance should consider preceding them with a single set of the BP exercise at moderate intensity (60–84% 1RM), performed 5–7 min before the explosive activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-activation Performance Enhancement in the Bench Press Throw: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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“…Estimation of 1RM was only used during the familiarization session to determine the actual 1RM and referred to free-weight flat bench press. For evaluation of actual 1RM, the loading started at 70% estimated 1RM and was increased by 2.5 to 10 kg for each subsequent attempt, and the process was repeated until failure [ 27 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. In total, each participant performed between four and six attempts in the main session.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the “Sling Shot” Supportive Device on Upper-Body Neuromuscular Activity during the Bench Press Exercise

Wojdała

Gołaś

Krzysztofik

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The aim of this study was to compare the muscle activity between the sling shot assisted (SS) and control (CONT) flat barbell bench press for selected external loads of 70%, 85%, 100% one-repetition maximum (1RM). Ten resistance-trained men participated in the study (age = 22.2 ± 1.9 years, body mass = 88.7 ± 11.2 kg, body height = 179.5 ± 4.1, 1RM in the bench press = 127.25 ± 25.86 kg, and strength training experience = 6 ± 2.5 years). Evaluation of peak muscle activity of the dominant body side was carried out using surface electromyography (sEMG) recorded for the triceps brachii, pectoralis major, and anterior deltoid during each attempt. The three-way repeated measure ANOVA revealed statistically significant main interaction for condition x muscle group (p < 0.01; η2 = 0.569); load x muscle group (p < 0.01; η2 = 0.709); and condition x load (p < 0.01; η2 = 0.418). A main effect was also observed for condition (p < 0.01; η2 = 0.968); load (p < 0.01; η2 = 0.976); and muscle group (p < 0.01; η2 = 0.977). The post hoc analysis for the main effect of the condition indicated statistically significant decrease in %MVIC for the SS compared to CONT condition (74.9 vs. 88.9%MVIC; p < 0.01; ES = 0.39). The results of this study showed that using the SS significantly affects the muscle activity pattern of the flat bench press and results in its acute decrease in comparison to an equal load under CONT conditions. The SS device may be an effective tool both in rehabilitation and strength training protocols by increasing stability with a reduction of muscular activity of the prime movers.

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“…Resistance exercise under BFR affects physiological responses, increases mechanical tension, metabolic stress (Pearson and Hussain, 2015;Teixeira E. L. et al, 2018), cell swelling (Loenneke et al, 2012b), and enhances responses of the endocrine system (Takano et al, 2005;Shimizu et al, 2016). Individual limb characteristics, as well as the width, length, shape and material of the cuffs determine the level of applied pressure and as a consequence, modify post-exercise adaptive responses to BFR training (Loenneke et al, 2012b(Loenneke et al, , 2015Jessee et al, 2016;Rawska et al, 2019;Wilk et al, 2020e). However, not only physiological, but also mechanical factors related to BFR should be taken into consideration (Wilk et al, 2020d,f).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Effects of Continuous and Intermittent Blood Flow Restriction on Movement Velocity During Bench Press Exercise Against Different Loads

et al. 2020

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This study evaluated the effects of continuous and intermittent blood flow restriction (BFR) with 70% of full arterial occlusion pressure on bar velocity during the bench press exercise against a wide range of resistive loads. Eleven strength-trained males (age: 23.5 ± 1.4 years; resistance training experience: 2.8 ± 0.8 years, maximal bench press strength – 1RM = 101.8 ± 13.9 kg; body mass = 79.8 ± 10.4 kg), performed three different testing protocols in random and counterbalanced order: without BFR (NO-BFR); intermittent BFR (I-BFR) and continuous BFR (C-BFR). During each experimental session, subjects performed eight sets of two repetitions each, with increasing loads from 20 to 90% 1RM (10% steps), and 3 min rest between each set. In the C-BFR condition occlusion was kept throughout the trial, while in the I-BFR, occlusion was released during each 3 min rest interval. Peak bar velocity (PV) during the bench press exercise was higher by 12–17% in both I-BFR and C-BFR compared with NO-BFR only at the loads of 20, 30, 40, and 50% 1RM (p < 0.001), while performance at higher loads remained unchanged. Mean bar velocity (MV) was unaffected by occlusion (p = 0.342). These results indicate that BFR during bench press exercise increases PV and this may be used as an enhanced stimulus during explosive resistance training. At higher workloads, bench press performance was not negatively affected by BFR, indicating that the benefits of exercise under occlusion can be obtained while explosive performance is not impaired.

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Does Post-Activation Performance Enhancement Occur during the Bench Press Exercise under Blood Flow Restriction?

Cited by 15 publications

References 46 publications

Post-activation Performance Enhancement in the Bench Press Throw: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Post-activation Performance Enhancement in the Bench Press Throw: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Impact of the “Sling Shot” Supportive Device on Upper-Body Neuromuscular Activity during the Bench Press Exercise

Acute Effects of Continuous and Intermittent Blood Flow Restriction on Movement Velocity During Bench Press Exercise Against Different Loads

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