Does Porcine Oocytes Maturation in Vitro is Regulated by Genes Involved in Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor Signaling Pathway?

Abstract

Summary:The oocyte growth and development in follicular environment are substantially accompanied by surrounding somatic cumulus (CCs) and granulosa cells (GCs). During these processes, the mammalian gametes reach full maturational stage and may be further successfully fertilized by single spermatozoon. These unique mechanisms are regulated by expression of clusters of genes and their biochemical signaling pathways. In this article we described differential expression pattern of transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) gene superfamily in porcine oocytes before and after in vitro maturation (IVM). We performed Affymetrix® microarray assays to investigate the TGFB-related genes expression profile in porcine immature oocytes and gametes cultured for 44h in vitro. In results we found 419 different genes, 379 genes with lower expression, and 40 genes characterized by increased RNA profile. Moreover, significant up-regulation of 6 genes belonging to TGFB signaling pathway such as: TGFBR3, SMAD4, FOS, KLF10, ID1, MAP3K1 in immature porcine oocytes (before IVM), was also observed. It may be suggested that genes involved in TGFB-related signaling pathway are substantially regulated before IVM. Furthermore, these genes may play a significant role during early stages of nuclear and/or cytoplasmic porcine oocytes maturation. The investigated transcripts may be also recommended as the markers of oocytes maturational capability in pigs.

The blood vessels development, morphogenesis and blood circulation are three ontologic groups highly up-regulated in porcine oocytes before in vitro maturation

“…Moreover it was defined that proper regulation of these processes is required for complete maturation of oocytes. Our previous studies have shown various aspects of changes occurring in oocytes during maturation [1][2][3] and impact of environmental changes on these processes [4][5]. Morphological and biochemical alterations associated with the ability of embryo to formation of blood vessels networks seem to play pivotal role in successful implantation, decidualization and early embryo -maternal interaction.…”

Analysis of fructose and mannose – regulatory peptides signaling pathway in porcine epithelial oviductal cells (OECs) primary cultured long-term in vitro

“…Indeed, we introduced the primary culture systems based on: (1) human ovarian granulosa cells, (2) porcine ovarian granulosa cells, (3) porcine endometrial and myometrial cells, and (4) porcine epithelial oviductal cells (OECs) [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Research on miRNAs of exosomes’ role on porcine oocyte development by extracted from follicular fluid

“…9, which these potential target genes are closely related to the oocyte development and follicle growth. It was also found that many targeting genes by these miRNAs mainly involved in TGF-beta related signaling pathway, which may play a significant role during early stages of porcine oocytes nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation, and these investigated transcripts may be also recommended as the markers of porcine oocytes with high capability in further embryo development 45,46 .…”