Does personality moderate the efficacy of physical and cognitive training interventions? A 12-month randomized controlled trial in older adults

Kekäläinen, Tiia; Terracciano, Antonio; Tirkkonen, Anna; Savikangas, Tiina; Hänninen, Tuomo; Neely, Anna Stigsdotter; Sipilä, Sarianna; Kokko, Katja

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2022.111957

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Other studies have shown a correlation between personality traits and energy expenditure in elderly individuals, and found a significant correlation between neuroticism, extroversion, openness, and conscientiousness with energy expenditure during peak walking speed (Terracciano et al, 2013). But this is contrary to the latest study, Personality traits did not moderate intervention effects on physical functioning (Kekäläinen et al, 2023). It's evident that the influence of personality on performance can be multifaceted and may vary based on the sport, the competitive tier, and individual factors.…”

Section: Referencescontrasting

confidence: 58%

The influence of the five-factor model of personality on performance in competitive sports: a review

Shuai,

Wang,

Liu

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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Personality is considered to be a factor affecting athletic performance. However, inconsistency in the research results regarding size and even direction of the relationship. An evaluation of the evidence of the relationship between personality and athletic performance was conducted in order to summarize the evidence available. A systematic literature search was conducted in March 2023. Sport performance and the Big Five personality model were identified in our research. We used PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wang Fang (Chinese), Wei Pu (Chinese), and CNKI (Chinese) databases for the systematic literature search (Prospero registration number: CRD42022364000), screened 4,300 studies, and found 23 cross-sectional studies eligible for inclusion in this review. The results of this systematic analysis show that, besides neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness are all positively correlated with sports performance. Conscientiousness and extraversion are the two main personalities in team sports. Openness and agreeableness show different results in different sports, and it is not clear to which project they are beneficial. The value of personality as a possible predictor of athletic performance is generally positive. Therefore, professionals such as applied sports psychologists, coaching personnel, athletes, and sports administrators must comprehensively grasp the significance of personality’s role in achieving success in major competitions. Considering these facts, sports practitioners should promote personality screening and personality development programs.

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Section: Referencescontrasting

confidence: 58%

The influence of the five-factor model of personality on performance in competitive sports: a review

Shuai,

Wang,

Liu

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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“…Such adaptive traits have been found to be positively correlated with deep learning instead of surface learning (Chamorro-Premuzic & Furnham, 2009). Consistent with this perspective, a recent study of a one-year long cognitive intervention in older adults demonstrates a greater improvement in learning among individuals with more adaptive personality traits (Kekäläinen et al, 2023). Interestingly, openness predicts the tortoise in a positive linear manner as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Unicorn, Hare, or Tortoise? Using Machine Learning to Predict Working Memory Training Performance

Feng,

Pahor,

Seitz

et al. 2023

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People differ considerably in the extent to which they benefit from working memory (WM) training. Although there is increasing research focusing on individual differences associated with WM training outcomes, we still lack an understanding of which specific individual differences, and in what combination, contribute to inter-individual variations in training trajectories. In the current study, 568 undergraduates completed one of several N-back intervention variants over the course of two weeks. Participants’ training trajectories were clustered into three distinct training patterns (high performers, intermediate performers, and low performers). We applied machine-learning algorithms to train a binary tree model to predict individuals’ training patterns relying on several individual difference variables that have been identified as relevant in previous literature. These individual difference variables included pre-existing cognitive abilities, personality characteristics, motivational factors, video game experience, health status, bilingualism, and socioeconomic status. We found that our classification model showed good predictive power in distinguishing between high performers and relatively lower performers. Furthermore, we found that openness and pre-existing WM capacity to be the two most important factors in distinguishing between high and low performers. However, among low performers, openness and video game background were the most significant predictors of their learning persistence. In conclusion, it is possible to predict individual training performance using participant characteristics before training, which could inform the development of personalized interventions.

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Association of personality facets and cognition in the Lifelines population-based cohort study

Marcolini,

Frentz,

Terracciano

et al. 2023

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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Does personality moderate the efficacy of physical and cognitive training interventions? A 12-month randomized controlled trial in older adults

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

The influence of the five-factor model of personality on performance in competitive sports: a review

The influence of the five-factor model of personality on performance in competitive sports: a review

Unicorn, Hare, or Tortoise? Using Machine Learning to Predict Working Memory Training Performance

Association of personality facets and cognition in the Lifelines population-based cohort study

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