Does peace prevent homosexuality?

Prenatal endocrine influences on sexual orientation and on sexually differentiated childhood behavior

“…Most of the stressful events had occurred as a consequence of the second world war. A subsequent study, by different authors, of men conceived during the same war did not find increased homosexuality, however [123]. Other studies also have generally found no association between retrospective reports of stress during pregnancy and sexual orientation of male offspring [5;41;145].…”

Mate Selection, Sexual Orientation, and Pair Bonding

“…148,149 Dörner showed, through a retrospective analysis, the existence of a significant peak in frequency of gay men among cohorts of boys born in Berlin between 1942 and 1946, a period when mothers obviously experienced an unusually high level of stress. 151 These studies have, however, been criticized on methodological grounds, and recent studies failed to reproduce this correlation between maternal stress and homosexual behavior 152,153 or produced only equivocal 7. 151 These studies have, however, been criticized on methodological grounds, and recent studies failed to reproduce this correlation between maternal stress and homosexual behavior 152,153 or produced only equivocal 7.…”

Perinatal Programming of Neurodevelopment

“…He assumed that women who were pregnant during and immediately after the war were more likely to experience stress (Dörner et al 1980(Dörner et al , 1983. Another group found that mothers exposed to stress during the second trimester of pregnancy were more prone to give birth to homosexual men Ellis and Cole-Harding 2001), while others failed to find an association between male homosexuality and prenatal stress (Bailey et al 1991;Schmidt and Clement 1990). Even controversial, maternal stress could contribute to disrupt the endocrine milieu during pregnancy, thus affecting developmental processes involved in sexual orientation.…”