Does participation in non-farm activities provide food security? Evidence from rural Ethiopia

Tesfaye, Taye; Nayak, Diptimayee

doi:10.1080/23311886.2022.2108230

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Agriculture contributes to food availability, as families can consume their own produced food. Still, other livelihood strategies, such as off-farm income, have been revealed to have the strongest significant influence on household food security compared to farm income (Tesfaye and Nayak, 2022;Mutea et al, 2019). Income provides families with physical access to food through purchasing the food needed to satisfy their dietary needs (Chakona, 2023) (FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP, and WHO, 2022), and families with higher income are more likely to be food secure than families with lower income.…”

Section: Negative Socio-economic Impact Of Panamá Disease Tropical Racementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agricultural activity as the main livelihood did not predispose the unemployed to formulate positive evaluations of their food consumption. The unemployed when associate their food consumption to agriculture as the main livelihood activity they perceive themselves and their families as facing difficulties for maintaining or improving the quality of food consumption (Tesfaye and Nayak, 2022), including dietary needs and food preferences, they had when working for the banana company. Moreover, it is probable that the unemployed experience income effects in that, reduction in income decreases their purchasing capacity including of food items due to increase of the average cost of the diet relative to household income.…”

Section: The Causal Model For Perceptions Of Food Quality Consumed By...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Panam disease tropical race 4 in banana plantations in Mozambique: Disease intensity, spatial distribution and negative socio-economic impact

Eunice,

Amândio,

Ana

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Ext. Rural Dev

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Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4) devastated the second-largest banana plantation farm in Northern Mozambique, resulting in an 86% loss of the Cavendish Williams banana area and the layoff of 88% of the workers. This study conducted a field survey with 119 soil and 26 crop samples and administered a questionnaire in a quasi-experimental design with two samples, randomly selected, of unemployed (n1=272) and employed at the banana company (n2=79), to assess disease intensity, spatial distribution, and its socioeconomic impact on ex-employees. The results indicated the presence of F. oxysporum in the soil within the plantation farm and in its surrounding areas, and Foc in plants outside the farm. Since other studies using PCR molecular tests have confirmed the presence of TR4 in surrounding areas, it is highly likely that Foc TR4 is present in plants outside the farm, confirming its spread. Unemployment had a negative socioeconomic impact, and families experienced restrictions on economic access to nutritious foods and food preferences. An adapting and integrated disease management approach combining resistant varieties, exclusion, biosecurity, and soil management for increasing banana production and stimulating labor demand through re-hiring the exemployees could be considered to improve disease management and ex-employees' incomes.

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Section: Negative Socio-economic Impact Of Panamá Disease Tropical Racementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Causal Model For Perceptions Of Food Quality Consumed By...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Panam disease tropical race 4 in banana plantations in Mozambique: Disease intensity, spatial distribution and negative socio-economic impact

Eunice,

Amândio,

Ana

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Ext. Rural Dev

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“…Third, the farm household hires labor up to the point that the value of the marginal product of hired labor equals the hiring wage pQ=whH. In summary, the farm household's decision is made in two steps (Barasa et al ., 2022; Chang et al ., 2012; Tesfaye and Nayak, 2022). Household first spends its labor force on farm work and domestic activities to the point where the marginal products are each equal to the competitive wage of nonfarm labor.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the last two decades, a large body of literature has investigated the importance and features of rural non-farm sector (Davis et al, 2010;Winters et al, 2009Winters et al, , 2010Haggblade et al, 2007;Barrett et al, 2001;Lanjouw andLanjouw, 2001 Barasa et al, 2022;Basu and Kashyap, 1992;Christiaensen and Maertens, 2022;Gaddis et al, 2023;Tesfaye and Nayak, 2022). A major conclusion from these studies is that non-farm activities in rural areas are the norm rather than the exception (Davis et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy interventions and productive employment in rural sub-Saharan Africa: a gender-differentiated meta-analysis

Singbo

Lokossou

2023

JADEE

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PurposeThe farm sector is crucial for rural poverty alleviation, alongside the non-farm sector, which contributes to mitigating risks associated with crop failures. This paper investigates the effects of public policies on productive employment within both the farm and non-farm sectors in sub-Saharan Africa.Design/methodology/approachA meta-analysis is conducted exclusively on the results of the Partnership for Economic Policy (PEP)-funded studies under the Policy Analysis on Growth and Employment (PAGE II) initiative. Selected studies focused on the impact of public policies on productive employment in rural farm and non-farm sectors, encompassing a total of nine sub-Saharan Africa countries in: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Lesotho, Nigeria, Senegal and South Africa.FindingsThe results indicate that public investments in rural areas and public policies that facilitate access to productive resources are likely to enhance productive employment. The overall effect size is positive and significant, ranging from 2% to 10% increases in productive employment. Sources of variation include the sector of activity and the policy instrument. In addition, the policy effects are gender-sensitive and seem more consistent in the non-farm sector.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the selected working papers addressed several aspects of productive employment, other aspects warrant further investigation. Policies involving restrictions or regulations have received little attention in the impact analysis. Researches to fill this gap would be important. Another suggestion for further research is the analysis of the relative importance of non-farm employment in rural areas in developing countries. It is always assumed that rural households depend heavily on agriculture for their subsistence.Originality/valueThe contribution of the paper lies in the comparative analysis of numerous public policies implemented in nine distinct countries. By consolidating data from fourteen 14 different experiences into a single study, the paper offers valuable insights on factors that determine policy effectiveness and contribute to understanding what worked for whom and why.

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“…The role of education, which represents human capital endowment, as a determinant of households" choice of livelihood diversification strategy has also been emphasized in the literature. Using different techniques in different parts of Ethiopia, Gecho (2017), Kassa (2019), Debele and Desta (2016), Aababbo and Sawore (2016), Tamerat (2016), Demissie and Legesse (2013), Eneyew (2012), Sisay (2010), Asmah (2011) and Kuwornu et al (2014) in Ghana; Saha and Bahal (2010) and Khatun and Roy (2012) in West Bengal and Olale et al (2010) in Western Kenya reported that improvements in household head"s level of education increases the likelihood of household"s engagement in diversified economic activities. On the other hand, the studies conducted by Bryceson (2002), Author and Bryceson (2002) in rural SSA countries, Demeke and Regassa (1996), MoLSA (1997), Woldehanna (2000) and Kassie (2013) in Ethiopia, and Oluwatayo (2009) in Nigeria found that educational level of farm households has a negative impact on livelihood diversification.…”

Section: Determinants Of Rural Households' Livelihood Diversification...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the determinants of farm households choice of livelihood diversification strategies in Sub Zoba Debarwa, Eritrea

Teame

2023

J. Dev. Agric. Econ.

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Smallholder rural farm households face increasing pressure to diversify their livelihood strategies to supplement their meager and unstable agricultural productivity. The objective of the study was to assess the determinants of smallholder rural farm households' choice of livelihood diversification strategies in sub-Zoba Debarwa, Zoba Debub, and Eritrea. Data were collected from 201 randomly selected rural households from six villages. The results of the study revealed that the majority (80.5%) of the farmers were able to diversify their livelihoods into either off-farm or non-farm or combined income activities, whereas the remaining 19.4% of the households were unable to diversify and rely only on farming for their livelihood. The multinomial logit model of the household demonstrated that the sex of the household head, level of education of the household head, age of the household head, average education of members, invalidism, family size, remittance, farm experience of the household head, livestock holding, farm size, irrigation size, and access to credit services have a significant effect on livelihood diversification strategies. Thus, these results have implications for the design of rural development policies that stimulate rural farm households to participate in non/off-farm activities and strengthen their livelihood security.

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Does participation in non-farm activities provide food security? Evidence from rural Ethiopia

Cited by 7 publications

References 51 publications

Panam disease tropical race 4 in banana plantations in Mozambique: Disease intensity, spatial distribution and negative socio-economic impact

Panam disease tropical race 4 in banana plantations in Mozambique: Disease intensity, spatial distribution and negative socio-economic impact

Policy interventions and productive employment in rural sub-Saharan Africa: a gender-differentiated meta-analysis

Assessing the determinants of farm households choice of livelihood diversification strategies in Sub Zoba Debarwa, Eritrea

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