Does Padded Headgear Prevent Head Injury in Rugby Union Football?

McIntosh, Andrew S.; McCrory, Paul; Finch, Caroline F.; Best, John P.; Chalmers, David J.; Wolfe, Rory

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181864bee

Cited by 101 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…13,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] In 2 cases, 13,27 supplementary articles 33,34 were accessed in order to extract the full details of the study methods. The QUORUM statement flow diagram, summarizing the process of study selection and the number of studies excluded at each stage, with explanations, is shown in the Figure. The main reasons for exclusion were nonprospective study design (n = 16), adult population (n = 3), and insufficient data on the adolescent cohort in cases of mixed adolescent and adult populations (n = 6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodologic Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27,28 All had at least 1-season follow-up, and 6 groups [20][21][22]25,26,30 investigated only a single team. Participant dropout was clearly accounted for in just 3 studies, 13,23,27 and ethical approval was confirmed in only 7. 13,22,23,[27][28][29]32 Ten groups [20][21][22][23][25][26][27][28][29]32 consistently used a qualified medical practitioner to verify injuries, whereas others relied mainly on players or coaches to complete weekly questionnaires 19,24,30 or telephone interviews.…”

Section: Methodologic Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 All reported on the anatomical location of injury, and almost all detailed the condition. The majority reported on the injuring event or mechanism, 19,21,[23][24][25]27,29,30,31 but few considered the time of injury 21,25,29 or whether foul play was a factor. 19,25,[29][30][31] Although all authors provided a clear definition of injury, the definitions varied widely across investigations.…”

Section: Methodologic Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seven groups 13,20,21,23,25,27,29 focused on injuries resulting in medical attention. However, the definition of medical attention varied.…”

Section: Medical-attention Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of Adolescent Rugby Injuries: A Systematic Review

Bleakley

Tully

O’Connor

2011

Journal of Athletic Training

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Objective: Despite recent increases in the volume of research in professional rugby union, there is little consensus on the epidemiology of injury in adolescent players. We undertook a systematic review to determine the incidence, severity, and nature of injury in adolescent rugby union players.Data Sources: In April 2009, we performed a computerized literature search on PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (via Ovid). Population-specific and patient-specific search terms were combined in the form of MEDLINE subject headings and key words (wound$ and injur$, rugby, adolescent$). These were supplemented with relatedcitation searches on PubMed and bibliographic tracking of primary and review articles.Study Selection: Prospective epidemiologic studies in adolescent rugby union players.Data Synthesis: A total of 15 studies were included, and the data were analyzed descriptively. Two independent reviewers extracted key study characteristics regarding the incidence, severity, and nature of injuries and the methodologic design. Conclusions:Wide variations existed in the injury definitions and data collection procedures. The incidence of injury necessitating medical attention varied with the definition, from 27.5 to 129.8 injuries per 1000 match hours. The incidence of timeloss injury (>7 days) ranged from 0.96 to 1.6 per 1000 playing hours and from 11.4/1000 match hours (>1 day) to 12-22/1000 match hours (missed games). The highest incidence of concussion was 3.3/1000 playing hours. No catastrophic injuries were reported. The head and neck, upper limb, and lower limb were all common sites of injury, and trends were noted toward greater time loss due to upper limb fractures or dislocations and knee ligament injuries. Increasing age, the early part of the playing season, and the tackle situation were most closely associated with injury. Future injury-surveillance studies in rugby union must follow consensus guidelines to facilitate interstudy comparisons and provide further clarification as to where injuryprevention strategies should be focused.Key Words: injury incidence, injury surveillance, high school athletes Key Points• Injury definitions and data collection procedures varied across studies, making comparisons difficult.• The head and neck, upper limb, and lower limb were common sites of injury.• Factors associated most often with injury were increasing age, early playing season, and tackles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodologic Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodologic Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodologic Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seven groups 13,20,21,23,25,27,29 focused on injuries resulting in medical attention. However, the definition of medical attention varied.…”

Section: Medical-attention Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of Adolescent Rugby Injuries: A Systematic Review

Bleakley

Tully

O’Connor

2011

Journal of Athletic Training

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Diagnosis and Management of Sports-Related Concussion

Zafonte¹

2011

JAMA

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Concussion in youth athletes is a growing problem worldwide. During the past decade, significant progress has been made in standardization of the assessment of young athletes, and a growing appreciation of metabolic vulnerability, activity, and cognitive challenges has led to guidelines and suggestions for rest from the field as well as cognitive rest from school. Outcome data have begun to establish groups linked to symptom class, genetics, and sex who are at risk of worse outcomes from concussions. Decisions regarding return to activity are now based on at-rest symptoms, graded increases in activity, and neuropsychological testing. Using the case of Ms X, a 15-year-old otherwise healthy high school student who fell while skiing, evaluation, prognosis, and management of concussion are discussed.

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