Does oculomotor inhibition of return influence fixation probability during scene search?

Smith, Tim J.; Henderson, John M.

doi:10.3758/s13414-011-0191-x

Cited by 42 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(175 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, no such evidence was found in the fine-grained analysis of fixation position focusing on letter position with a fixated word. These results are consistent with recent results from scene viewing and search suggesting that temporal O-IOR need not be accompanied by spatial O-IOR (Hooge et al, 2005;Smith & Henderson, 2009, 2011a. Although reading is a relatively young skill from the perspective of evolution, it appears to draw on much older systems developed for controlling the dynamic allocation of attention and eye movements.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In this way, O-IOR could facilitate eye movement control by helping observers avoid reinspecting recently fixated locations (Klein, 1988;Klein & MacInnes, 1999). Evidence concerning this hypothesis is currently mixed, with several reports of equal or greater refixation of previously fixated locations in visual search and scene viewing (Hooge et al, 2005;Smith & Henderson, 2009, 2011a, 2011b. In the present study, little evidence for spatial consequences of O-IOR on fixation probability was observed.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…These results indicate that fixations were distributed similarly in the normal and mindless reading conditions. Any spatial IOR effect should manifest as decreased fixation probability at zero distance, so a linear regression analysis of the data points from the three central bins (−1, 0, and +1) was conducted to see whether there was any sign of nonlinearity around the zero point (Smith & Henderson, 2011a). The analysis revealed a significant linear trend for distance (coeff.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oculomotor IOR (O-IOR) is an increase in saccade latencies when the eyes move back to a previously fixated location, as compared with a new control location (Klein & Hilchey, 2011). O-IOR, measured as an increase in fixation duration prior to a return saccade, has been reported in a variety of complex freeviewing tasks (Dodd, Van der Stigchel & Hollingworth, 2009;Farrell, Ludwig, Ellis & Gilchrist, 2010;Hooge & Frens, 2000;Hooge, Over, van Wezel & Frens, 2005;Klein & MacInnes, 1999;MacInnes & Klein, 2003;Ludwig, Farrell, Ellis & Gilchrist, 2009;Smith & Henderson, 2009, 2011aThomas et al, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They argued that IOR was applied to closer words, since those words were more recently fixated, which then prevented shorter regressions in the fast-buildup subjects. However, it is difficult to interpret spatial O-IOR (fixation probability) without evidence for temporal IOR (fixation duration), and it can be problematic to compare saccades of differing amplitudes when testing for IOR effects (Smith & Henderson, 2009, 2011a because saccade amplitude influences fixation duration directly (Rayner, 1998). Note that we use the term spatial O-IOR in this context not as a contrast to object-based IOR, but simply as a shorthand for IOR effects on fixation location versus fixation duration (temporal O-IOR).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Oculomotor inhibition of return in normal and mindless reading

Henderson

Luke

2012

Psychon Bull Rev

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Oculomotor inhibition of return (O-IOR) is an increase in saccade latency prior to an eye movement to a recently fixated location, as compared with other locations. To investigate O-IOR in reading, subjects participated in two conditions while their eye movements were recorded: normal reading and mindless reading with words replaced by geometric shapes. We investigated the manifestation of O-IOR in reading and whether it is related to extracting meaning from the text or is an oculomotor phenomenon. The results indicated that fixation durations prior to a saccade returning to the immediately preceding fixated word were longer than those to other words, consistent with O-IOR. Furthermore, fixation durations were longest prior to a saccade that returned the eyes to the specific character position in the word that had previously been fixated and dropped off as the distance between the previously fixated character and landing position increased. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that O-IOR is relatively precise in its application during reading and drops off as a gradient. Both of these results were found for text reading and for mindless reading, suggesting that they are consequences of oculomotor control, and not of language processing. Finally, although these temporal IOR effects were robust, no spatial consequences of IOR were observed: Previously fixated words and characters were as likely to be refixated as new words and characters.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oculomotor inhibition of return in normal and mindless reading

Henderson

Luke

2012

Psychon Bull Rev

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Selective Impairments in Covert Shifts of Attention in Chinese Dyslexic Children

Ding

Zhao²,

He³

et al. 2016

Dyslexia

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Reading depends heavily on the efficient shift of attention. Mounting evidence has suggested that dyslexics have deficits in covert attentional shift. However, it remains unclear whether dyslexics also have deficits in overt attentional shift. With the majority of relevant studies carried out in alphabetic writing systems, it is also unknown whether the attentional deficits observed in dyslexics are restricted to a particular writing system. The present study examined inhibition of return (IOR)-a major driving force of attentional shifts-in dyslexic children learning to read a logographic script (i.e., Chinese). Robust IOR effects were observed in both covert and overt attentional tasks in two groups of typically developing children, who were age- or reading ability-matched to the dyslexic children. In contrast, the dyslexic children showed IOR in the overt but not in the covert attentional task. We conclude that covert attentional shift is selectively impaired in dyslexic children. This impairment is not restricted to alphabetic writing systems, and it could be a significant contributor to the difficulties encountered by children learning to read. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Eye Tracking in Visual Search Experiments

Hollingworth

Bahle

2019

Spatial Learning and Attention Guidance

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Does oculomotor inhibition of return influence fixation probability during scene search?

Cited by 42 publications

References 76 publications

Oculomotor inhibition of return in normal and mindless reading

Oculomotor inhibition of return in normal and mindless reading

Selective Impairments in Covert Shifts of Attention in Chinese Dyslexic Children

Eye Tracking in Visual Search Experiments

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