Does Non-ionizing Radiant Energy Affect Determination of the Evaporation Rate by the Gradient Method?

Kjartansson, Sveinn; Hammarlund, K; Öberg, Peter; Sedin, Gunnar

doi:10.3109/03009739109179257

Cited by 2 publications

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References 6 publications

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“…In one study (4), a significant increase in insensible water loss was found after 1 h of phototherapy. As the Potter scale (used in many previously published papers) is sensitive to changes in temperature (1 5 , 16), we made an extensive methodological investigation of the measurement technique used in the present study and found that it is not influenced by radiation from the phototherapy equipment (12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insensible water loss from the skin during phototherapy in term and preterm infants

1992

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The rate of evaporation from the skin was measured before and during phototherapy in 10 full-term and seven preterm infants (gestational age 29-33 weeks). The method for measurement of rate of evaporation was non-invasive and was based on determination of the water vapour pressure gradient close to the skin surface. All infants were studied naked in an incubator with an ambient relative humidity of 50% and with a controlled environment with respect to temperature and air velocity. In the term infants the mean rate of evaporation, measured from an interscapular skin area, was 3.1 g/m2h both before and after 30 min of phototherapy. In the preterm infants the corresponding value was 9.8 g/m2h before and 9.7 g/m2h after 120 min of phototherapy. Thus, in thermally stable infants, non-ionizing radiation from phototherapy equipment does not increase water loss from the skin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insensible water loss from the skin during phototherapy in term and preterm infants

1992

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“…Recently we have shown th at the measurem ent techniqu e used in our study is not significa ntly influenced by the radiation from the radiant heater at the energy output levels used in this study (16 and Rutter (17) applied the same technique to study the effect of radiant heat and claimed that radiant heat altered the resistance of the skin to water vapor diffusion, resulting in an increase in evaporative water loss.…”

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Water Loss from the Skin of Term and Preterm Infants Nursed under a Radiant Heater

et al. 1995

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The rate of evaporalion from the skin (g/m 2 jh) was measured in 12 full-term and 16 preterm infants (gestational age 25-34 wk) both during incubator care and when nursed under a radiant heater. The method for evaporation rate measurement is noninvasive and based on determination of the water vapor pressure gradient close to the skin surface. Measurements were first made with the infant nursed in an incubator with a controlled environment with respect to humidity, temperature, and air velocity. The measurements in the term infants were performed at an ambient relative humidity (RR) of 50%, and in the preterm infants first at 50% and subsequently at 30-40%. Evaporation rate was then measured with the infant nursed under a radiant heater. In term infants, mean evaporation rate was 3.3 g/m 2 jh during incubator care (RH 50%) and 4.4 g/m 2 jh during care under the radiant heater. In preterm infants, the corresponding values were 15.5 g/m 2 jh in the incubator at RH 50%, 16.7 g/m 2 jh at RH 30-40%, and 17.9 g/m 2 j h under the radiant heater. It is concluded that the evaporative water loss from the skin depends on the ambient water vapor pressure, irrespective of whether the infant is nursed Radiant heaters are frequ ently used in the care of newb orn infants and are co nsidere d to be effec tive in rewarming infants exposed to cold stress after birth (1). One possible disad vantage of radiant heaters is that they may ca use de hy dra tion in the new born by incr easin g insensible water loss (2-8). Th e mechanism of such an increase is not understood and appro priate methods for measuring the effect of nonionizing radiat ion have been difficult to find.:In previ ous studies (2-8) co ncerning the effect of non ionizing rad iant energy, produced eit her by radiant heaters or by phot oth erapy, insensibl e wa ter loss wa s determined by ind irect methods (gravimetric methods, usu all y using the Potter sca le) , making it difficult to ascertain whether the observed increase derived fro m an increase in transep idermal or respiratory wa ter Received February 24, 1994; accepted September I , 1994. Correspondence: Professor Gunnar Sedin, Department of Pediatrics, University Chilo dren's Hospital, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.Supported by grants from the Swedish Medical Research Council (Project 19X-04998), the newspaper Expressen's Prenatal Research Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden, and the Swedish Institute (fellowship for SA).lThis was one of Karen Hammarlund's last scientific contributions; she died before publication of the study.in an incubator or under a radiant heater. The higher rate of evaporation during care under a radiant heater is due to the lower ambient water vapor pressure and not to any direct effect of the nonionizing radiation on the skin. tPediatr Res 37: 233-238, 1995) Abbrev iations ER, evaporation rate PH zO , water vapor pressure RH, relative humidity HR , heart rate RR, respiratory rate RH a m b , ambient relative humidity PH ZO a m b , ambient water vapor pressure Tbody' rectal temperature T is c> ...

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Does Non-ionizing Radiant Energy Affect Determination of the Evaporation Rate by the Gradient Method?

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

Insensible water loss from the skin during phototherapy in term and preterm infants

Insensible water loss from the skin during phototherapy in term and preterm infants

Water Loss from the Skin of Term and Preterm Infants Nursed under a Radiant Heater

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