Does Nigeria need the birth dose of the hepatitis B vaccine?

Sadoh, AE; Sadoh, WE

doi:10.4314/njp.v41i2.5

Cited by 13 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…The administration of Hepatitis B-birth Dose (HB-BD) within 24 h of birth is crucial in preventing MTCT-HBV, yet majority (64%) of births in Nigeria occur at home in the absence of a skilled provider (doctor, nurse, midwife or trained community health worker) with only 36% in health facilities (NPC and ICF, 2014) leading to a delay in the receipt of the HB-BD and Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin (HBIg) which is critical in PMTCT-HBV (Sadoh and Eregie, 2009). Similarly, many women, especially in the rural areas do not receive Antenatal Care (ANC), (Sadoh and Sadoh, 2014) with an urban: rural ratio of 88 %: 56 % (NBS, 2011). Those who do, book late during the second or third trimester (Oladokun et al, 2010 and 51% for at least one visit and 4 visits respectively (NPC and ICF, 2014).…”

Section: Service Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies showed that the knowledge of HBV management among health workers in Nigeria is low as only 32% of health workers were aware of the timing of HB-BD administration (Adeyemi et al, 2014;Nwokediuko, 2011). There are also misconceptions held by health workers concerning use of vaccine vials which lead to many infants missing the HB-BD, despite delivery in the hospital (Sadoh and Sadoh, 2014). Health professionals in Nigeria obtain the skills and competencies required to effectively care for people with viral hepatitis through schools for health professionals, on-the-job training and postgraduate training (WHO, 2013).…”

Section: Health Workforcementioning

confidence: 99%

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An appraisal of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus health system in Nigeria

Olutomi¹,

Ebenso²

2017

J. Public Health Epidemiol.

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The study aimed to assess the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats influencing the achievement of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus. It also sought to suggest recommendations to improve the current prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus health system in Nigeria. A critical appraisal of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus health system in Nigeria was conducted. The WHO health system framework was used to assess the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus system. Considering the recent call by the World Health Organization to eliminate hepatitis and the existence of a robust prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus health system, the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus health system in Nigeria is riddled with numerous challenges. These range from a health worker crisis, poor leadership and governance, inadequate health information, medicines, vaccines and technologies and poor service delivery. Urgent action in the Nigerian prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus health system is required if Nigeria is to achieve its goal of eliminating hepatitis by 2021.

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Section: Service Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Health Workforcementioning

confidence: 99%

An appraisal of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus health system in Nigeria

Olutomi¹,

Ebenso²

2017

J. Public Health Epidemiol.

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“…HCC occurred at a lower mean age in Nigeria which is different from HCC from America mostly caused by HCV (Park et al 2018), but close to those in Asia which is due to HBV. The lower mean age in Nigeria is probably due to the age at infection of HBV, and low HBV vaccine coverage (Sadoh et al 2014). Also, more males than females had HCC probably because males are more exposed to HBV and alcohol consumption, and cytokines may also play a role (Gomes et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with the Survival Outcome of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients on Supportive Care in a Tertiary Hospital in South-West Nigeria

Adekanle

Ijarotimi

Komolafe

et al. 2019

ESJ

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Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer. This study assessed the factors associated with the survival outcome of HCC on supportive care. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study carried out from January 2010 to June 2016 on cases of HCC recruited into a cancer data registry. Clinical, laboratory and survival outcomes were obtained. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: A total of 149 cases were analyzed: 120 (80.5%) males and 29 (19.5%) females. Age range was 18-87years, with mean (SD) being 45.0 (14.3) years. Identifiable aetiological factors were hepatitis B and C viruses, alcohol and herbal preparations in 94% while no risk factor was identified in 6%. Some risks co-occurred in multiples in 71.2% of cases. The overall median survival was 20 days, and general survival was 59.1% at two weeks, 33.6 % at one month, and only 7.3% surviving beyond thirty one days to two years. The survival of cases, according to the Child-Pugh (CTP) class, was CTP A: 36 days (ranged 4 to 730 days), CTP class B: 22 days (ranged 1 to 210 days) and CTP class C: 14 days (ranged 2 to 660 days). Higher proportion of young cases was HBsAg positive. Factors significantly associated with survival outcome included older age, female sex, abdominal pain, jaundice, elevated creatinine, bilirubin, AST, ALT, white cell count and hyponatreamia. Conclusion: Overall survival outcome among cases of HCC was poor. It is necessary to prevent HBV, reduce alcohol use, detect and treat HCC early.

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“…47 In Nigeria the universal HBV vaccination was initiated by the Federal Government in 2004; despite that huge gap still exists in meeting the targets as majority of the children receive the birth dose vaccine outside the recommended time owing to maternal as well as programme -related factors. 49,50 The birth dose of HBV vaccine is very important as that serves as a safety net as non-testing, errors in testing, reporting and documentation of maternal HBsAg status could occur. 51 In the United States, the CDC in 2005 recommended that the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and all health professionals should administer the HBV vaccine to all newborns before hospital discharge in order to protect them against the HBV ifneciton.…”

Section: Birth Dose Hepatitis B Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of mother to child transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in Nigeria: A call to action

Eke¹,

Onyire²,

Amadi³

2016

Nig. J. Paed.

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Abstract:Background: Sub-Sahara Africa including Nigeria has the second largest global burden of chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection after Asia. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HBV is the most commonroute of transmission in high endemic areas .MTCT of hepatitis B virus infection continues to occur despite the interventions of hepatitis B vaccinations and immunoglobulins in settings where it is practiced. Infants most at risk are those whose mothers have high HBV DNA viral loads and produce the protein HBeAg. Various Nigerian studies have reported high HBV infection rates as well as HBeAg positivity among pregnant women. These HBV infections usually occur intrapartum and rarely inutero. Mothers with HBeAg positivity known to be associated with higher HBV DNA viral loads have been linked with higher chances of MTCT as HBeAg is the only structural HBV protein that can cross into the placental circulation. In the absence of post exposure prophylaxis about 40 percent of infants delivered by HBV infected mothers could develop HBV infections, and about 25% of them may come down with chronic hepatitis and resulting possible complications including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer later in life. The prevention of transmission of retroviral infection from motherto-child has been a success story of the 21 st century and such feat could be replicated for HBV infection. The standard PMTCT of HBV currently will comprise: timely prenatal screening, starting anti-viral therapy for pregnant women with HBeAg positivity and high viral load, infant postexposure prophylaxis and followup of infants of HBsAg positive mothers. There is no co-ordinated PMTCT of HBV programme in place in our setting despite the huge burden of the disease in Nigeria. Hence the need therefore to develop a home grown PMTCT programme of HBV to help tackle the burden of the disease in our country. An evidence based review of current best practice guidelines for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV for use in low and medium resource income settings with hepatitis B hyperendemicity will be quiet apt in this circumstance. This document therefore will be useful as a quick guide to Paediatricians, Obstetricians, Family Physicians, General Practice Doctors and other allied health workers charged with the care of pregnant mothers and their young children. Methods: Relevant literatures published in English language or translated into English were searched manually and electronically in PUBMED and SCOPUS for the period between 1990 and 2016 on the subject. Keywords searched included: epidemiology of HBV infection, MTCT of HBV, and its preventive strategies including prenatal screening, antiviral agents in pregnancy, infant post exposure prophylaxis and follow-up of infected children. Results: Over 35 scholarly articles on HBV epidemiology, MTCT, and preventive measures as well as follow -up models were retrieved and analyzed. Conclusion: Universal screening of all pregnant women for HBV infection is the most effective...

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Does Nigeria need the birth dose of the hepatitis B vaccine?

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

An appraisal of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus health system in Nigeria

An appraisal of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus health system in Nigeria

Factors Associated with the Survival Outcome of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients on Supportive Care in a Tertiary Hospital in South-West Nigeria

Prevention of mother to child transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in Nigeria: A call to action

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