“…In 2013, the State Council promulgated the "Broadband China" strategy, which aims to improve the construction of China's information infrastructure, narrow the gap with developed countries, and achieve rapid Internet penetration (Fang et al, 2022;The State Council, 2013;Yang et al, 2022a). Therefore, we divide the sample into two groups, 2006-2013 and 2014-2017, respectively, estimate their results, and list them in columns ( 2) and (3).…”