Does Needle Design Affect the Regenerative Potential of Bone Marrow Aspirate? An In Vitro Study

Abstract

While autologous bone is still the gold standard for treatment of bone defects, its availability is limited. Sufficient numbers of mesenchymal stroma cells (MSC) may be an alternative. Small volumes of bone marrow aspirate (BMA) were harvested with two different needle systems comparing the yield and regenerative potency of the MSCs. BMA (10 mL) was aspirated from the posterior iliac crest of 12 patients with degenerative spinal disc disease using both needle systems in each patient: the Jamshidi needle (JAM) and on the contralateral side the Marrow Cellution® Needle (AMC). Number of mononuclear cells (MNCs) and regeneration capacity (colony-forming unit/CFU) were determined. MSCs were characterized for surface markers and their differentiation into trilineages. There was no significant difference between the two harvesting needles regarding the quantity of MNCs in BMA: 5.2 ± 1.8 × 109 MNC/mL for AMC vs. 4.8 ± 2.5 × 109 MNC/mL for JAM, p = 0.182. The quantity of CFUs per ml BMA was similar for both groups: 3717 ± 5556 for AMC and 4305 ± 5507 for JAM (p = 0.695). The potency of MSCs expressed as colony-forming potential per 106 MNC resulted in 0.98 ± 1.51 for AMC and 1.00 ± 0.96 for JAM (p = 0.666). Regardless of the needle design, 10 mL bone marrow aspirate contains a sufficient number of about 40,000 MSCs that can be used to enhance bone healing.

Bone marrow aspirate concentrate quality is affected by age and harvest site

“…In particular, the collection of larger bone marrow aspirate volumes with high volume syringes seem to decrease the concentration of BMSCs because of the dilution of the bone marrow sample with peripheral blood [ 49 , 49 ]. The needle used for bone marrow harvesting could be another factor affecting the quality of BMAC and its amount of BMSCs [ 21 , 40 , 42 , 58 ]. Some authors also suggested that a multiple-site harvest can be superior versus a single-site harvest [ 51 ].…”

Impact of the Process Variables on the Yield of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate

“…There are various bone marrow needles available on the market namely (a) Jamshidi needle, (b) Modified Jamshidi needle, (c) Klima sternal needle, (d) Salah bone marrow aspiration needle, (e) Watherfield iliac crest bone marrow aspiration needle, and so on [ 84 ]. Feddahi et al, observed no significant difference regarding the quantity of MNCs and regenerative potency of MNCs in BMAC for either the Jamshidi needle (JAM) on one side and the Marrow Cellution ® Needle (AMC) on the other side when aspirated from the posterior iliac crest of 12 patients [ 101 ]. Oliver et al reported that a slightly higher quantity of MNCs was harvested by multiple-site (31 × 10 6 mL) than single-site (23 × 10 6 mL) bone marrow aspiration using the standard Jamshidi needle whereas a higher quantity of MSCs was retrieved using the single-site method (3486/mL concentrate) than the multiple-site method (2722/mL concentrate) [ 91 ].…”

Healing after Trauma—New Knowledge and Procedures for the Benefit of Our Patients

“…Feddahi et al questions in an in vitro study if the needle design affects the regenerative potential of bone marrow aspirates, which are a promising alternative for the treatment of bone defects [ 5 ]. The authors harvested bone marrow from the posterior iliac crest of 12 patients either with Jamshidi needles or on the contralateral side with Marrow Cellution ® Needles.…”