Does natural gas fuel civil war? Rethinking energy security, international relations, and fossil-fuel conflict

San-Akca, Belgin; Sever, S. Duygu; Yılmaz, Şuhnaz

doi:10.1016/j.erss.2020.101690

Cited by 47 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…The optimistic scenario drawn up before the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine predicted the production of 0.58 bcm annually by 2030, effectively doubling Ukrainian gas production from 2011. Ukrainian tariff systems will be under strong impact of full implementation of European legislation in order to maintain its geostrategic transmission position [58].…”

Section: Ukraine To Hungary Interconnector Flows Analysis: Beregovo-ukraine To Hungary Interconnectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Changes in Natural Gas Physical Flows for Europe via Ukraine in 2020

et al. 2021

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The main objective of the paper was comparative analyses of natural gas quantities delivered through the existing pipeline capacities in the last decade and new pipeline capacities for the prediction of possible future flows of gas import to Europe. Changes in physical flows have been influenced by European energy strategies that became green oriented resulting with a high amount of non-utilized transmission capacities. The research findings have shown that there is a significant decrease observed in transit of Russian gas through Ukraine in 2020 than previously. Concerning the high increase of LNG import to Europe in the same year, the start of operation of TurkStream, planned start of operation of Nord stream 2, authors project the gradual decrease of transit of Russian gas through Ukraine until the year 2025 with the total stop of transit of Russian gas until the year 2030. The change of supply routes will be also under the economic influence of low gas prices and coal and gas fuel switch until 2030 in the West EU, and after 2030 in the South Eastern European region. In the short-term period transit system for natural gas from Russia via Ukraine will be necessary for supplementing coal with natural gas in the energy mix.

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Section: Ukraine To Hungary Interconnector Flows Analysis: Beregovo-ukraine To Hungary Interconnectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Changes in Natural Gas Physical Flows for Europe via Ukraine in 2020

et al. 2021

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“…The Iranian government has constructed a pipeline to transport Iranian oil to the Mediterranean Sea. However, due to the disruption of oil distribution channels caused by the civil war, Syria has lost foreign exchange (San-Akca et al, 2020). From the standpoint of the importing country, the threat posed by the issue of energy security is energy scarcity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Securitization of Energy Issues from The Perspective of Security Studies

Ramadhan

2023

IJE

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Security studies debated the phenomenon of "high politics," such as politics and the military, at the outset of their development. As the study's object, it discusses the arms race, nuclear war, and political coups. Following the end of the Cold War, the economic, social, and environmental sectors became subjects of study in security studies. Not only that, but security studies also address issues that are frequently overlooked, such as energy issues. This is undeniably one of the most pressing issues in security studies today. The energy issue discusses how the country's foreign policy efforts will be carried out in order to avoid the threat of domestic energy scarcity. The inclusion of energy issues in security studies does not happen overnight. Through this scientific article, the author intends to examine how energy issues can become part of security issues. The author employs the concept of securitization to examine the securitization of energy issues from the standpoint of a security study. The author used a qualitative method in this study, with secondary data collection (journals and archive documents) as part of the data collection technique. The discussion of this scientific article has resulted in the securitization of energy issues being divided into three stages. Non-securitization, politicization, and securitization are the stages. Energy issues are not considered security issues during the non-securitization stage. When the energy issue becomes politicized, it poses a real threat that the government must address. Meanwhile, security issues have defined threats in the securitization stage. However, this securitization process will only take place if the audience accepts the threat and the state takes responsibility for mitigation efforts. The author comes to the conclusion that the securitization of energy issues is mutual between the state and the audience (society).

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“…Especially in ethnically fragmented nations, rent-seeking competition across different groups can result in civil conflict (Elbadawi and Soto, 2015;San-Akca et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%