Does morality predict aggressive driving? A conceptual analysis and exploratory empirical investigation

Berg, Tom G.C. van den; Kroesen, Maarten; Chorus, Caspar

doi:10.1016/j.trf.2020.08.017

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Axies combines human and artificial intelligence to yield context-specific values. In a specific context, e.g., driving, context-specific values can be more effective in explaining and predicting human behavior than general values [ 78 ]. An autonomous driving agent can concretely elicit its passengers’ preferences over driving-specific values (e.g., safety and efficiency) to tailor the driving experience.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What values should an agent align with?

Liscio

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Siebert

et al. 2022

Auton Agent Multi-Agent Syst

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The pursuit of values drives human behavior and promotes cooperation. Existing research is focused on general values (e.g., Schwartz) that transcend contexts. However, context-specific values are necessary to (1) understand human decisions, and (2) engineer intelligent agents that can elicit and align with human values. We propose Axies, a hybrid (human and AI) methodology to identify context-specific values. Axies simplifies the abstract task of value identification as a guided value annotation process involving human annotators. Axies exploits the growing availability of value-laden text corpora and Natural Language Processing to assist the annotators in systematically identifying context-specific values. We evaluate Axies in a user study involving 80 human subjects. In our study, six annotators generate value lists for two timely and important contexts: Covid-19 measures and sustainable Energy. We employ two policy experts and 72 crowd workers to evaluate Axies value lists and compare them to a list of general (Schwartz) values. We find that Axies yields values that are (1) more context-specific than general values, (2) more suitable for value annotation than general values, and (3) independent of the people applying the methodology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What values should an agent align with?

Liscio

Meer

Siebert

et al. 2022

Auton Agent Multi-Agent Syst

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“…Secondly, we can look into studies that have related moral values to specific forms of moral behavior. While not specifically focusing on a systematic investigation of the general moral value – moral behavior relationship [though see O’Grady et al (2019) for a recent more relevant effort with regards to MFT], a number of studies from different fields do take general moral value measures into account (as part of their models) to explain specific forms of morally relevant behavior [e.g., Reynolds and Ceranic, 2007 ; Tarry and Emler, 2007 ; Cohen et al, 2014 ; Nilsson et al, 2016 ; Vainio and Mäkiniemi, 2016 ( Study 1 ); Qian and Yahara, 2020 ; van den Berg et al, 2020 ; Presti et al, 2021 ; Díaz and Cova, 2022 ]. When inspecting their results, we find, in line with the above, only small effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Are General Moral Values Poor Predictors of Concrete Moral Behavior in Everyday Life? A Conceptual Analysis and Empirical Study

2022

Self Cite

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Within moral psychology, theories focusing on the conceptualization and empirical measurement of people’s morality in terms of general moral values –such as Moral Foundation Theory- (implicitly) assume general moral values to be relevant concepts for the explanation and prediction of behavior in everyday life. However, a solid theoretical and empirical foundation for this idea remains work in progress. In this study we explore this relationship between general moral values and daily life behavior through a conceptual analysis and an empirical study. Our conceptual analysis of the moral value-moral behavior relationship suggests that the effect of a generally endorsed moral value on moral behavior is highly context dependent. It requires the manifestation of several phases of moral decision-making, each influenced by many contextual factors. We expect that this renders the empirical relationship between generic moral values and people’s concrete moral behavior indeterminate. Subsequently, we empirically investigate this relationship in three different studies. We relate two different measures of general moral values -the Moral Foundation Questionnaire and the Morality As Cooperation Questionnaire- to a broad set of self-reported morally relevant daily life behaviors (including adherence to COVID-19 measures and participation in voluntary work). Our empirical results are in line with the expectations derived from our conceptual analysis: the considered general moral values are poor predictors of the selected daily life behaviors. Furthermore, moral values that were tailored to the specific context of the behavior showed to be somewhat stronger predictors. Together with the insights derived from our conceptual analysis, this indicates the relevance of the contextual nature of moral decision-making as a possible explanation for the poor predictive value of general moral values. Our findings suggest that the investigation of morality’s influence on behavior by expressing and measuring it in terms of general moral values may need revision.

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“…Some researchers have confirmed that service quality can positively affect customer satisfaction (Hu & Di Paolo, 2009;Kuo, Wu & Deng, 2009;Lee, Ng, Chan, Choy, Tai & Choi, 2018;Van den Berg, Kroesen & Chorus, 2020;Yilmaz & Ari, 2017) and customer loyalty (Makanyeza & Chikazhe, 2017). However, the impact of each dimension of service quality is not conclusive (Zheng, Xia, Li, Li & Liu, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do full-service carriers and low-cost carriers passengers perceived service dimensions, passengers’ satisfaction, and loyalty differently? An empirical study

Chow

Li²,

Mak³

et al. 2022

JIEM

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Purpose: In this study, group differences between full-service carriers (FSC) and low-cost carriers (LCC) in loyalty constructs are investigated, revealing the relationship between service quality and loyalty. This work focuses on five dimensions, including tangibility, empathy, assurance, responsiveness, and reliability, constitute service quality. Design/methodology/approach: 248 questionnaires were collected in the first half of 2019. The antecedents of customer loyalty are explored, and the group differences between FSC and LCC are analyzed. For assessing the path model with the consideration of group variance, the Partial Least Squares Multiple Group Analysis (PLS-MGA) was adopted to analyze the differences of the estimated inter-group coefficient.Findings: Our findings suggest that service assurance, service empathy, and service reliability positively impact the value perceived. The impact of service empathy on customer satisfaction in FSC is significantly diverse from LCC. Several suggestions are provided to FSC and LCC on improving their services in view of passengers’ wants and interests.Originality/value: With the data collected at the HKIA, this study examined the relationships among service quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty and divided service quality into five dimensions. The findings show that assurance, empathy, and reliability of service quality positively affect the value perceived, and the effects of responsiveness and tangibility of service quality on perceived value are insignificant. Among the five aspects of service quality, assurance, reliability, responsiveness, and tangibility of the service quality are the pre-conditions of customer satisfaction. However, only the reliability of service is the antecedent of customer loyalty. Besides, the value perceived positively affects customers to be satisfactory and loyal. Furthermore, satisfaction degree also significantly influences the degree of customers’ loyalty. As to the role of airline types, the sole effect is on customers' satisfaction is service empathy, with a significant difference between FSC and LCC.

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Does morality predict aggressive driving? A conceptual analysis and exploratory empirical investigation

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

What values should an agent align with?

What values should an agent align with?

Why Are General Moral Values Poor Predictors of Concrete Moral Behavior in Everyday Life? A Conceptual Analysis and Empirical Study

How do full-service carriers and low-cost carriers passengers perceived service dimensions, passengers’ satisfaction, and loyalty differently? An empirical study

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