Does Maternal Warmth Moderate the Effects of Birth Weight on Twins' Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms and Low IQ?

Tully, Lucy A.; Arseneault, Louise; Caspi, Avshalom; Moffitt, Terrie E.; Morgan, Julia E.

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.72.2.218

Cited by 87 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Since several studies suggest that LBW is also associated with internalizing problems [19] and depression [44], LBW does not seem to be a disorder-specific risk factor. In addition, the fact that LBW was not a risk factor of inattention may be due to other environmental factors that might moderate this relationships such as urban vs. suburban communities [11] and maternal warmth [50]. As a novel finding, macrosomia was a risk factor for one parent-and all teacher-reported externalizing behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Externalizing behaviors in preadolescents: familial risk to externalizing behaviors, prenatal and perinatal risks, and their interactions

Buschgens

Swinkels

Aken

et al. 2008

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that there is a rich and varied interplay between persons and their environments, which strongly suggests that this involves gene-environment correlations and interactions. We investigated whether familial risk (FR) to externalizing behaviors and prenatal and perinatal risk factors, separately or in interaction with each other, predicted externalizing behaviors. Methods: The subjects were 10- to 12-year-old preadolescents who were taking part in TRAILS, a large prospective population-based cohort study (N = 2,230). Regression analyses were used to determine the relative contribution of FR and prenatal and perinatal risks to parent and teacher ratings of inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity aggression, and delinquency. Results: Regression models explained between 6 and 11% of the variance of externalizing behaviors. We found main effects of FR (vs. no FR), macrosomia (birth weight > 4,500 g), maternal prenatal smoking (MPS), pregnancy and delivery complications (PDCs), and gender that were rather consistent across rater and outcome measures. For some outcome measures, the effect of MPS and PDCs depended on the presence of FR. These included both positive and negative interaction effects. Correlations between FR and prenatal and perinatal risks were significant but rather low. Conclusions: Both main effects and interaction effects of FR and prenatal and perinatal risks contributed to externalizing behaviors in preadolescents, but all effects were of small size. Further research including use of candidate gene polymorphisms is necessary to identify the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of these main and interaction effects

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Externalizing behaviors in preadolescents: familial risk to externalizing behaviors, prenatal and perinatal risks, and their interactions

Buschgens

Swinkels

Aken

et al. 2008

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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“…In humans, we (Pruessner et al, 2004) reported that scores on a measure of parent-offspring relationships (the Parental Bonding Index) were highly correlated with the magnitude of the DA response to stress in the nucleus accumbens. In epidemiological studies, parental care predicts vulnerability for multiple forms of psychopathology, including those directly linked to DA function in the mPFC, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Carlson et al, 1995;Tully et al, 2004). Thus, the well established relationship between the quality of early family life and vulnerability to multiple forms of psychopathology might, in part, be mediated by parental influences on the development of individual differences in the function of selective neurotransmitter systems under conditions of stress.…”

Section: Conclusion and Functional Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Naturally Occurring Variations in Maternal Care on Prepulse Inhibition of Acoustic Startle and the Medial Prefrontal Cortical Dopamine Response to Stress in Adult Rats

Zhang¹,

Chretien²,

Meaney³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

140

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In rats, naturally occurring variations in maternal care contribute to the development of individual differences in the behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to stress during adulthood. The dopamine (DA) projection to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays an important role in mediating stress responsivity and is thought to be involved also in regulating sensorimotor gating. In the present study, we compared prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle as well as the left and right mPFC DA stress responses in the adult offspring of high-and low-licking/grooming (LG) dams. Our data indicate that the offspring of low-LG animals are impaired on measures of PPI compared with high-LG animals. We also observed in low-LG animals a significant blunting of the mPFC DA stress responses that was lateralized to the right hemisphere, whereas in high-LG animals, the left and right mPFC DA stress responses were equally attenuated. Although mPFC levels of DA transporter did not differ between the two groups of animals, mPFC levels of catechol-O-methyl transferase immunoreactivity of low-LG animals were significantly lower than those of high-LG animals. These data provide evidence that variations in maternal care can lead to lasting changes in mPFC DA responsivity to stress and suggest the possibility that such changes in mesocorticolimbic DA function can also lead to deficits in sensorimotor gating.

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“…Indeed, being 'difficult' can improve survival of infants during drought (deVries 1984). However, between such crises maternal attention to children with ADHD is more negative than that toward controls (Befera & Barkley 1985), and this can have negative effects on cognitive and emotional development, acting directly as well as through reduced maternal warmth (Blair 2002;Tully et al 2004).…”

Section: Factors Influencing the Persistence Of Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of hyperactivity, impulsivity and cognitive diversity

Williams

Taylor

2005

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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The evolutionary status of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is central to assessments of whether modern society has created it, either physically or socially; and is potentially useful in understanding its neurobiological basis and treatment. The high prevalence of ADHD (5-10%) and its association with the seven-repeat allele of DRD4, which is positively selected in evolution, raise the possibility that ADHD increases the reproductive fitness of the individual, and/or the group. However, previous suggestions of evolutionary roles for ADHD have not accounted for its confinement to a substantial minority. Because one of the key features of ADHD is its diversity, and many benefits of population diversity are well recognized (as in immunity), we study the impact of groups' behavioural diversity on their fitness. Diversity occurs along many dimensions, and for simplicity we choose unpredictability (or variability), excess of which is a well-established characteristic of ADHD.Simulations of the Changing Food group task show that unpredictable behaviour by a minority optimizes results for the group. Characteristics of such group exploration tasks are risk-taking, in which costs are borne mainly by the individual; and information-sharing, in which benefits accrue to the entire group. Hence, this work is closely linked to previous studies of evolved altruism.We conclude that even individually impairing combinations of genes, such as ADHD, can carry specific benefits for society, which can be selected for at that level, rather than being merely genetic coincidences with effects confined to the individual. The social benefits conferred by diversity occur both inside and outside the 'normal' range, and these may be distinct. This view has the additional merit of offering explanations for the prevalence, sex and age distribution, severity distribution and heterogeneity of ADHD.

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Does Maternal Warmth Moderate the Effects of Birth Weight on Twins' Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms and Low IQ?

Cited by 87 publications

References 70 publications

Externalizing behaviors in preadolescents: familial risk to externalizing behaviors, prenatal and perinatal risks, and their interactions

Externalizing behaviors in preadolescents: familial risk to externalizing behaviors, prenatal and perinatal risks, and their interactions

Influence of Naturally Occurring Variations in Maternal Care on Prepulse Inhibition of Acoustic Startle and the Medial Prefrontal Cortical Dopamine Response to Stress in Adult Rats

The evolution of hyperactivity, impulsivity and cognitive diversity

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