Does maternal smoking influence leptin levels in term, appropriate-for-gestational-age newborns?

Pardo, Inês Maria Crespo Gutierres; Geloneze, Bruno; Tambascia, Marcos Antônio; Barros-Filho, Antônio A.

doi:10.1080/14767050410001680046

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…These correlations reflect the increase of adipose tissue along with the gestational progress, particularly during late gestation in AGA (48), and possibly a post partum catch-up in IUGR group. In the past, in AGA, a positive correlation has been shown between fetal leptin levels and gestational age (49,50). Thus, it seems that maturity, as indicated by gestational age, is a significant determinant of leptin levels in fetuses and neonates, also according to previous studies performed in preterm and term infants (29,32,51).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Leptin and adiponectin concentrations in intrauterine growth restricted and appropriate for gestational age fetuses, neonates, and their mothers

Kyriakakou¹,

Malamitsi‐Puchner²,

Militsi

et al. 2008

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Leptin and adiponectin are two adipocytokines that play a critical role in the control of energy balance and metabolism as well as in conditions, such as insulin resistance, inflammation, and the development of the metabolic syndrome in adult life. Leptin has been associated with asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The aim of this study was to investigate the perinatal implication of leptin and adiponectin in IUGR. Design: Leptin and adiponectin were measured in the plasma of 40 mothers, in the umbilical cord (UC) blood of their 20 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and 20 IUGR singleton, full-term fetuses, and neonates on day 1 (d1) and day 4 (d4) of life postnatally. Methods: Serum leptin and adiponectin levels were measured by RIA. Serum cortisol levels were measured with an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Results: Leptin and adiponectin serum levels were higher and lower respectively in IUGR (meanGS.E.M., 32.5G3.8 and 5.4G0.9 mg/l respectively) compared with AGA (20.4G2.1 and 11.8G1.3 mg/l respectively) mothers (P!0.05), although body mass index did not differ between these two groups. Leptin levels positively correlated with adiponectin levels in the AGA (rZ0.547, P!0.05) but not in the IUGR mothers. UC, d1, and d4 leptin and adiponectin levels did not differ between IUGR and AGA groups. UC were significantly higher than d1 leptin levels (P!0.05) in the IUGR group but not in the AGA group. Conclusions: The increased UC leptin levels compared with d1 in IUGR fetuses might be directly and/or indirectly related to the subsequent development of insulin resistance in these neonates. This pathologic situation seems to be related to a specific profile of increased leptin and decreased adiponectin levels in IUGR mothers indicating a genetic predisposition for the development of insulin resistance.European Journal of Endocrinology 158 343-348

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Leptin and adiponectin concentrations in intrauterine growth restricted and appropriate for gestational age fetuses, neonates, and their mothers

Kyriakakou¹,

Malamitsi‐Puchner²,

Militsi

et al. 2008

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Some investigators found no significant difference in cord blood leptin levels according to the mothers' smoking status, even when birth weights of the infants were significantly lower than those of the nonsmoking controls (6,7,9,10). Therefore, it was asserted that a lower birth weight of neonates among smoking mothers is not due to altered plasma leptin concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Effect of Smoking on Neonatal and Maternal Serum and Breast Milk Leptin Levels

et al. 2005

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Maternal smoking is considered to be a risk factor for low birth weight. It is hypothesized that alteration in leptin concentration may be associated with reduced fetal growth. In this study, we assess the effect of smoking during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal serum leptin concentrations, and also on breast milk leptin levels. When the infants were brought to routine physical examination at 7 days old, blood samples and breast milk specimens were taken for leptin measurement from mothers who smoked during pregnancy and their newborns. Nonsmoking mothers and their infants were recruited randomly over the same period as a control group. Maternal age, number of pregnancy, weight of the mothers, birth weight, and gestational age of the infants were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups in maternal serum and breast milk leptin levels (p = 0.14 and p = 0.96, respectively). However, serum leptin levels were found significantly lower in neonates born to smoking mothers compared with infants born to nonsmoking mothers (p = 0.02). Our findings suggest that maternal smoking dose not have an effect on maternal serum and breast milk leptin levels but decreases neonatal serum leptin concentration independent of birth weight.

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“…Most prior studies found no difference in cord blood leptin [12, 14, 15, 21] or adiponectin [14] in infants of mothers who smoked versus did not smoke during pregnancy, although a few found lower cord blood leptin [18] and adiponectin [12, 20] in infants of smokers. While prior studies did not evaluate the association between prenatal smoking and C-peptide, thought to be a more stable marker of pancreatic function than insulin due to its longer half-life [38], of two studies that evaluated cord blood insulin, one [19] found lower insulin in smokers, and the other [14] found no difference in smokers versus non-smokers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of maternal prenatal smoking with umbilical cord blood hormones: the Project Viva cohort

et al. 2017

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Background Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with low fetal growth and adverse cardiometabolic health in offspring. However, hormonal pathways underlying these associations are unclear. Therefore, we examined maternal smoking habits and umbilical cord blood hormone profiles in a large, prospective cohort. Methods We studied 978 mother/infant pairs in Project Viva, a Boston-area cohort recruited 1999–2002. We categorized mothers as early pregnancy smokers, former smokers, or never smokers. Outcomes were cord blood concentrations of IGF-1, IGF-2, IGFBP-3, leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and C-peptide. We used linear regression models adjusted for maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), race/ethnicity, parity, education, and infant sex. We conducted analyses in the full cohort and stratified by infant sex. Results Thirteen percent of women were early pregnancy smokers, 20% former smokers, and 68% never smokers. Infants of early pregnancy smokers had lower IGF-1 adjusted for IGFBP-3 [−5.2 ng/mL (95% CI: −8.6, −1.7)], with more pronounced associations in girls [−10.7 ng/mL (95% CI: −18.5, −2.9) vs. −4.0 ng/mL (95% CI: −8.4, 0.4) for boys]. Early pregnancy smoking was not associated with cord blood hormones other than IGF-1. Infants of former smokers had a cord blood hormone profile similar to infants of never smokers. Conclusions As compared to mothers who never smoked, early pregnancy smokers had infants with lower cord blood IGF-1 which could prime adverse metabolic outcomes. This provides further reason to support smoking cessation programs in women of reproductive age.

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Does maternal smoking influence leptin levels in term, appropriate-for-gestational-age newborns?

Abstract: This study indicates that maternal smoking during pregnancy does not affect cord blood leptin levels in term, appropriate-for-gestational-age infants.

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Leptin and adiponectin concentrations in intrauterine growth restricted and appropriate for gestational age fetuses, neonates, and their mothers

Leptin and adiponectin concentrations in intrauterine growth restricted and appropriate for gestational age fetuses, neonates, and their mothers

Effect of Smoking on Neonatal and Maternal Serum and Breast Milk Leptin Levels

Associations of maternal prenatal smoking with umbilical cord blood hormones: the Project Viva cohort

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