Does Low Willingness to Respond Introduce a Bias? Results from a Socio‐epidemiological study among Young Men and Women

Novo, Mehmed; Hammarströ, A.; Janlert, Urban

doi:10.1111/1468-2397.00076

Cited by 36 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Details of how this low drop out rate was attained have been presented elsewhere. 21 "...our study shows that early unemployment will not only affect the health of young people but can also have far reaching health consequences in adult age. "…”

Section: On Methodsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Unfavourable health behaviour at the end of the study could thus be explained by the fact that the person already showed this unfavourable health behaviour (for example, smoking) at the start of the study. "Exposure" points to the fact that the unfavourable health behaviour is the consequence of exposure to unemployment, either already during the first part of the study (aged [16][17][18][19][20][21] or only during the second part (aged [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Possible exposure and selection effects are illustrated both in the graphs and in the logistic regression analyses.…”

Section: Long Term Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early unemployment can contribute to adult health problems: results from a longitudinal study of school leavers

Hammarström

Janlert

2002

Journal of Epidemiology &Amp; Community Health

163

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Study objective: To investigate the long term effects of early unemployment (a total of more than half a year of unemployment between the ages of 16 and 21) on health behaviour and psychological and somatic symptoms. Design: A 14 year follow up of a cohort of school leavers was conducted from 1981 to 1995. Information was collected by questionnaires. Setting: An industrial town in northern Sweden. Participants: The original cohort was defined as all pupils in a middle sized municipality in the last year of compulsory school at age 16 (n=1083). The participants were followed up between the ages of 16 and 30. The analysis included 96% of the original sample, 547 men and 497 women Main results: After controlling for initial health behaviour and symptoms as well as for working class background and late unemployment, early unemployment among young men and women showed a significant explanatory effect on smoking, psychological symptoms and-among men only-somatic symptoms after a follow up of 14 years. No correlation was found between early unemployment and late excess alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Early unemployment can contribute to adult health problems. Thus, youth unemployment constitutes a significant public health problem, which to a certain extent remains in adult age.T he short-term consequences of unemployment among young people have been well documented in literature with regard to psychological ill health, 1-3 somatic ill health, 4 alcohol consumption, 5 and smoking. 6 However, one of the crucial questions in unemployment research is whether unemployment has only a short-term effect, or if there also is an effect many years after the unemployment has come to an end. This question has a special interest within youth unemployment as work and working life is said to have a fundamental importance for the socialisation of young men and women. 7Only a few longitudinal studies have investigated the problem of long term effects of unemployment. [8][9][10][11][12] In most cases a relatively short period of unemployment at the beginning of a long observation period has been the basis for classifying a person as unemployed or not unemployed. This makes the relations between unemployment and health hard to illuminate.13 Besides these studies have had a narrow focus, for example on mortality.14 15 Few studies have had the possibility to follow up a cohort continuously and correlate outcome measures with unemployment. The British birth cohort study concluded that prolonged unemployment between the ages of 16 and 27 seemed to have a long term effect (after control for health at school as well as socioeconomic background variables) on young men's health. 16 However, the study was performed on men only and the health indicators used did not specify separate effects on health behaviour, psychological or somatic health.The aim of this long term follow up study of young men and women has been to analyse possible effects of early unemployment on adult health behaviour and health symptoms. METHODIn a prospective cohort study...

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Section: On Methodsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Long Term Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early unemployment can contribute to adult health problems: results from a longitudinal study of school leavers

Hammarström

Janlert

2002

Journal of Epidemiology &Amp; Community Health

163

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“…The low attrition implies that those who are most likely to drop out, for example individuals with poor health [77, 78], are still represented. Nevertheless, some limitations are worth noticing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of social position and depressive symptoms in adolescence for life-course trajectories of education and work: a cohort study

et al. 2016

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BackgroundWhile a vast amount of studies confirm the social reproduction of class and status from one generation to the next, less is known about the role of health in the child generation for these processes. Research has shown that particularly mental distress in adolescence is important for future life chances. This study aimed to examine the importance of parental socioeconomic position and depressive symptoms in youth for life-course trajectories of education and labour market attachment among men and women.MethodsBased on four waves of questionnaire data from the Northern Swedish Cohort (n = 1,001), consisting of individuals born in 1965, three steps of gender-separate analyses were undertaken. First, the individual trajectories of education and labour market attachment from age 18 to 42 were mapped through sequence analysis. Second, cluster analysis was used to identify typical trajectories. Third, two indicators of parental socioeconomic position – occupational class and employment status – and depressive symptoms at age 16 were used in multinomial regression analyses to predict adult life-course trajectories.ResultsFour typical trajectories were identified for men, of which three were characterised by stable employment and various lengths of education, and the fourth reflected a more unstable situation. Among women, five trajectories emerged, characterised by more instability compared to men. Low parental occupational class and unemployment were significantly associated with a higher risk of ending up in less advantaged trajectories for men while, for women, this was only the case for occupational class. Youth levels of depressive symptoms did not significantly differ across the trajectories.ConclusionsThis study found support for the intergenerational reproduction of social position, particularly when measured in terms of parental occupational class. Youth depressive symptoms did not show clear differences across types of trajectories, subsequently impeding such symptoms to trigger any selection processes. While this could be a consequence of the specific framework of the current study, it may also suggest that depressive symptoms in youth are not a root cause for the more complex processes through which how social position develops across life. The possible impact of welfare and labour market policies is discussed.

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“…The total non-participation rate of the pupils at the end of the study was 3.0 per cent. The method is described in detail elsewhere (5).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unemployment - an important predictor for future smoking: a 14-year follow-up study of school leavers

Hammarström

Janlert

2003

Scand J Public Health

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Does Low Willingness to Respond Introduce a Bias? Results from a Socio‐epidemiological study among Young Men and Women

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

Early unemployment can contribute to adult health problems: results from a longitudinal study of school leavers

Early unemployment can contribute to adult health problems: results from a longitudinal study of school leavers

The role of social position and depressive symptoms in adolescence for life-course trajectories of education and work: a cohort study

Unemployment - an important predictor for future smoking: a 14-year follow-up study of school leavers

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