Does low temperature constrain the growth rates of heterotrophic protists? Evidence and implications for algal blooms in cold waters

Rose, Julie M.; Caron, David A.

doi:10.4319/lo.2007.52.2.0886

Cited by 350 publications

(399 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…It has been shown that bacterivorous protists have greater maximal growth rates than herbivorous protists. Thus, they can control their prey more efficiently (Rose and Caron 2007). In addition, bacterivorous grazing rates can be enhanced with increasing temperature (reviewed in Rose and Caron [2007]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of experimental warming and increased ultraviolet B radiation on the Mediterranean plankton food web

Vidussi

Mostajir

Fouilland

et al. 2010

Limnology & Oceanography

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The responses of the plankton food web to increases in temperature and ultraviolet B radiation (UVBR, were experimentally investigated at a coastal Mediterranean site during spring. Eight moored mesocosms were used to compare natural plankton food web responses (control mesocosms) with three treatments simulating expected future local temperature and UVBR increases, as follows: (1) 3uC increase in water temperature, (2) 20% increase in incident UVBR, and (3) simultaneous 3uC increase in water temperature and 20% increase in incident UVBR. The plankton food web was resistant to elevated UVBR, having only moderate effects on plankton abundances and structure. In contrast, warming induced significant shifts in the plankton food web structure and function. Specifically, the abundance of protozooplankton (ciliates and flagellates) increased and the development time of copepods from nauplii to adults decreased. In the warm mesocosms, the emergence of copepod adult stages midway through the experiment resulted in a decrease in ciliates and consequently in an increase in heterotrophic flagellates. One unexpected result was that warming reduced the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria midway through the experiment. These results indicate a trophic-cascade effect under warming. The increase in adult copepods diminishes ciliates and in turn favors heterotrophic flagellates that consume bacteria. Warming also induced an increase in net oxygen production, indicating an increase in net primary production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of experimental warming and increased ultraviolet B radiation on the Mediterranean plankton food web

Vidussi

Mostajir

Fouilland

et al. 2010

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…During this period, microzooplankton grazing makes a smaller contribution (<20%) to algal production in Hong Kong waters, relative to the dilution and light limitation induced by strong vertical mixing (Chen et al 2009), since the decrease in temperature results in a sharper decrease in the herbivorous protists than that of phototrophic protists (Rose and Caron 2007).…”

Section: Temporal Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoplankton Biomass and Production in Subtropical Hong Kong Waters: Influence of the Pearl River Outflow

Yin

et al. 2009

Estuaries and Coasts

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The size-fractionated phytoplankton biomass and primary production were investigated in four contrasting areas of Hong Kong waters in 2006. Phytoplankton biomass and production varied seasonally in response to the influence of the Pearl River discharge. In the dry season, the phytoplankton biomass and production were low (<42 mg chl m −2 and <1.8 g C m −2 day −1 ) in all four areas, due to low temperatures and dilution and reduced light availability due to strong vertical mixing. In contrast, in the wet season, in the river-impacted western areas, the phytoplankton biomass and production increased greater than five-fold compared to the dry season, especially in summer. In summer, algal biomass was 15-fold higher than in winter, and the mean integrated primary productivity (IPP) was 9 g C m −2 day −1 in southern waters due to strong stratification, high temperatures, light availability, and nutrient input from the Pearl River estuary. However, in the highly flushed western waters, chl a and IPP were lower (<30 mg m −2 and 4 g C m −2 day −1, respectively) due to dilution. The maximal algal biomass and primary production occurred in southern waters with strong stratification and less flushing. Spring blooms (>10 μg chlaL −1 ) rarely occurred despite the high chl-specific photosynthetic rate (mostly >10 μg C μg chla) as the accumulation of algal biomass was restricted by active physical processes (e.g., strong vertical mixing and freshwater dilution). Phytoplankton biomass and production were mostly dominated by the >5-μm size fraction all year except in eastern waters during spring and mostly composed of fast-growing chain-forming diatoms. In the stratified southern waters in summer, the largest algal blooms occurred in part due to high nutrient inputs from the Pearl River estuary.

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“…Increased temperature can alter the balance between the rates of phytoplankton growth and grazing mortality, where the growth and grazing rates of microzooplankton increase more rapidly with temperature than growth of their phytoplanktonic prey (Rose and Caron, 2007;Chen et al, 2012;Caron and Hutchins, 2013). In addition, increases in ocean temperature coincide with a decline in the size of diatom frustules (Falkowski and Oliver, 2007) making them too small to be efficiently captured by krill and favouring their consumption by microheterotrophs such as ciliates (Boyd et al, 1984;Kawaguchi et al, 1999;Caron and Hutchins, 2013 and refs therein).…”

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Petrou

Kranz

Trimborn

et al. 2016

Journal of Plant Physiology

104

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Please cite this article in press as: Petrou, K., et al., Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate. J Plant Physiol (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2016.05.004 ARTICLE IN PRESS a b s t r a c tThe Southern Ocean (SO) is a major sink for anthropogenic atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), potentially harbouring even greater potential for additional sequestration of CO 2 through enhanced phytoplankton productivity. In the SO, primary productivity is primarily driven by bottom up processes (physical and chemical conditions) which are spatially and temporally heterogeneous. Due to a paucity of trace metals (such as iron) and high variability in light, much of the SO is characterised by an ecological paradox of high macronutrient concentrations yet uncharacteristically low chlorophyll concentrations. It is expected that with increased anthropogenic CO 2 emissions and the coincident warming, the major physical and chemical process that govern the SO will alter, influencing the biological capacity and functioning of the ecosystem. This review focuses on the SO primary producers and the bottom up processes that underpin their health and productivity. It looks at the major physico-chemical drivers of change in the SO, and based on current physiological knowledge, explores how these changes will likely manifest in phytoplankton, specifically, what are the physiological changes and floristic shifts that are likely to ensue and how this may translate into changes in the carbon sink capacity, net primary productivity and functionality of the SO.

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Does low temperature constrain the growth rates of heterotrophic protists? Evidence and implications for algal blooms in cold waters

Cited by 350 publications

References 39 publications

Effects of experimental warming and increased ultraviolet B radiation on the Mediterranean plankton food web

Effects of experimental warming and increased ultraviolet B radiation on the Mediterranean plankton food web

Phytoplankton Biomass and Production in Subtropical Hong Kong Waters: Influence of the Pearl River Outflow

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

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