Does local isolation allow an invasive thistle to escape enemy pressure?

Nunes, Krystal; Kotanen, Peter M.

doi:10.1007/s00442-018-4175-6

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Within-field weed distributions can be relatively stable between years [21] making any map produced useful in future years, although annual weeds are more variable in distribution [22]. Patch stability does, however, not necessarily imply stability in weed density [23].…”

Section: Creating Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The persistence of patches, as well as their density, size, and distribution, can all affect the persistence of biological weed control agents [21,88,114]. In addition, interactions occur, with reductions in seed predator numbers, tillage [115], and increased predation rates by weed patchiness [21,116,117]. Herbivory can affect both weed seed production, and seed dispersal, adding further complexity to models of weeds under biocontrol [118].…”

Section: Biocontrol Invasive Species and Genetic Spreadmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Modelling of Within-Field Weed Populations; a Review

et al. 2020

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Concerns around herbicide resistance, human risk, and the environmental impacts of current weed control strategies have led to an increasing demand for alternative weed management methods. Many new weed management strategies are under development; however, the poor availability of accurate weed maps, and a lack of confidence in the outcomes of alternative weed management strategies, has hindered their adoption. Developments in field sampling and processing, combined with spatial modelling, can support the implementation and assessment of new and more integrated weed management strategies. Our review focuses on the biological and mathematical aspects of assembling within-field weed models. We describe both static and spatio-temporal models of within-field weed distributions (including both cellular automata (CA) and non-CA models), discussing issues surrounding the spatial processes of weed dispersal and competition and the environmental and anthropogenic processes that affect weed spatial and spatio-temporal distributions. We also examine issues surrounding model uncertainty. By reviewing the current state-of-the-art in both static and temporally dynamic weed spatial modelling we highlight some of the strengths and weaknesses of current techniques, together with current and emerging areas of interest for the application of spatial models, including targeted weed treatments, economic analysis, herbicide resistance and integrated weed management, the dispersal of biocontrol agents, and invasive weed species.

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Section: Creating Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biocontrol Invasive Species and Genetic Spreadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Modelling of Within-Field Weed Populations; a Review

et al. 2020

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Genetically Based Trait Differentiation but Lack of Trade-offs between Stress Tolerance and Performance in Introduced Canada Thistle

Hodgins

Guggisberg

Nurkowski

2020

Plant Communications

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Trade-offs between performance and tolerance of abiotic and biotic stress have been proposed to explain both the success of invasive species and frequently observed size differences between native and introduced populations. Canada thistle seeds collected from across the introduced North American and the native European range were grown in benign and stressful conditions (nutrient stress, shading, simulated herbivory, drought, and mowing), to evaluate whether native and introduced individuals differ in performance or stress tolerance. An additional experiment assessed the strength of maternal effects by comparing plants derived from field-collected seeds with those derived from clones grown in the glasshouse. Introduced populations tended to be larger in size, but no trade-off of stress tolerance with performance was detected; introduced populations had either superior performance or equivalent trait values and survivorship in the treatment common gardens. We also detected evidence of parallel latitudinal clines of some traits in both the native and introduced ranges and associations with climate variables in some treatments, consistent with recent climate adaptation within the introduced range. Our results are consistent with rapid adaptation of introduced populations, but, contrary to predictions, the evolution of invasive traits did not come at the cost of reduced stress tolerance.

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Imported allergens in Italy: an emerging issue

Pecoraro,

Giovannini,

Mori

et al. 2024

Ital J Pediatr

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Imported allergens are involved in many allergic reactions, with unexpected and unusual implications. They can be involved in developing asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, Hymenoptera venom allergies and food allergies. Imported allergens can be implied in respiratory allergies attributable to commercial practices and accidental diffusion through air currents that have introduced non-native species in new geographical contexts. Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., a plant native to North America and currently in the western part of Lombardy, represents an example. Moreover, a variation in the pollen concentration in the Northwest Tuscany area and Trentino Alto-Adige was observed. Cannabis sativa is another imported allergen used frequently by adolescents. Regarding potential imported food allergens, there is no validated list. Imported food allergens derive from ethnic foods, referring to Mexican/Latin American, Chinese/Japanese, Southeast Asian, Arab/Middle Eastern and African cuisine. Four insect flours were recently introduced to the European and Italian markets (Acheta domesticus, Alphitobius diaperinus, Tenebrio molitor and Locusta migratoria). The association between the accidental introduction through commercial traffic, climate change, and the absence of natural enemies in the destination ecosystem is related to the introduction of a specific Hymenoptera, Vespa velutina, in Italy and Europe. External events attributable to human activities, such as climate change and the introduction of non-native plants, foods and Hymenoptera through trade, have contributed to the issue of imported allergens. Making the correct diagnosis and guiding the diagnostic and therapeutic path in this particular context represent the concerns of the pediatric allergist.

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Does local isolation allow an invasive thistle to escape enemy pressure?

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Spatial Modelling of Within-Field Weed Populations; a Review

Spatial Modelling of Within-Field Weed Populations; a Review

Genetically Based Trait Differentiation but Lack of Trade-offs between Stress Tolerance and Performance in Introduced Canada Thistle

Imported allergens in Italy: an emerging issue

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