Does lignin modification affect feeding preference or growth performance of insect herbivores in transgenic silver birch (Betula pendula Roth)?

Tiimonen, Heidi; Aronen, Tuija; Laakso, Tapio; Saranpää, Pekka; Chiang, Vincent L.; Ylioja, Tiina; Roininen, Heikki; Häggman, Hely

doi:10.1007/s00425-005-0002-5

Cited by 35 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Both gene constructs also contained the selective marker neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) gene driven by the CaMV 35S promoter. Transgenic 35S-PtCOMT line 23 and UbB1-PtCOMT lines 65 and 130 originating in B. pendula clone A contained several copies of the transgene (ARONEN et al, 2003;TIIMONEN et al, 2005), and a similar result was obtained with UbB1-PtCOMT line 110 originating in clone E5396 (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Plant Materialssupporting

confidence: 60%

“…lines were produced by introducing the PtCOMT (caffeate/5-hydroxyferulate O-methyltransferase) gene originating from Populus tremuloides L. (BUGOS et al, 1991) into B. pendula clones A and E5396, as described by ARONEN et al (2003) and TIIMONEN et al (2005). The PtCOMT gene was driven either by the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter or by the promoter of the sunflower polyubiquitin gene UbB1 (BINET et al, 1991a;1991b).…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-Southern hybridisation of the UbB1-PtCOMT line 110 and the control clone E5396 (C). For the analysis, 11-12 µg of the total genomic DNA was digested with SacI or SpeI, separated in 0.8 % agarose gel, transferred to a nylon membrane and hybridised with UbB1-PtCOMT probe according to ARONEN et al (2003) and TIIMONEN et al (2005). pl.…”

Section: Inoculation Of Betula Pendula In Vitro Plants With Paxillus mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S and G monomers were determined on 0.25, 3 or 5 mg extractive-free lignin of in vitro roots by thioacidolysis (ROLANDO et al, 1992). The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were performed according to TIIMONEN et al (2005). The analyses were repeated four times except in the case of non-inoculated roots of control clone A and lines 130 and 110, on which only one determination was performed due to the small amount of material available for the analyses.…”

Section: Root Lignin Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are only a few reports on the ecological interactions of the lignin-modified trees in vivo (PILATE et al, 2002) or in vitro (TIIMONEN et al, 2005, SEPPÄNEN et al, 2007. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of lignin modification on the tree's interaction with ECM fungus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paxillus involutus Forms an Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis and Enhances Survival of PtCOMT-modified Betula pendula in vitro

Tiimonen¹,

Aronen²,

Laakso³

et al. 2008

Silvae Genetica

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The ability of the PtCOMT (caffeate/5-hydroxyferulate O-methyltransferase from Populus tremuloides L.) -modified Betula pendula Roth. lines to form symbiosis with an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus Paxillus involutus Batsch Fr. was studied in vitro. Lignin precursor gene PtCOMT was introduced into two B. pendula clones under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter or the promoter of the sunflower polyubiquitin gene UbB1. Of the four transgenic lines, one 35S-PtCOMT line (23) had a decreased syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio of root lignin, and two UbB1-PtCOMT lines (110 and 130) retarded root growth compared to the control clone. Both control clones and all transgenic lines were able to form ECMs with P. involutus, but the transgenic lines differed from the controls in the characteristics of the ECMs. The number of lateral roots covered with fungal hyphae and/or development of a Hartig net (HN) were reduced in line 23 with a decreased S/G ratio, and in lines 110 and 130 with slower root formation and changed root morphology, respectively. However, line 23 benefited more from the inoculation in lateral root formation than the control, and in lines 110 and 130 the percentage of viable plants increased most due to inoculation. The results show that B. pendula plants genetically transformed with the lignin gene PtCOMT could form mycorrhizal symbiosis regardless of changes in either the root S/G ratio or development. The benefits of the symbiosis were variable even in the closed in vitro system, and dependent on the clone or transgenic line and the ECM fungal symbiont.

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Section: Plant Materialssupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inoculation Of Betula Pendula In Vitro Plants With Paxillus mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Root Lignin Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paxillus involutus Forms an Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis and Enhances Survival of PtCOMT-modified Betula pendula in vitro

Tiimonen¹,

Aronen²,

Laakso³

et al. 2008

Silvae Genetica

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Monolignol Biosynthesis and its Genetic Manipulation: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Dixon

Reddy

Gallego‐Giraldo³

2014

Recent Advances in Polyphenol Research

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Economic and environmental factors favor the adoption of lignocellulosic bioenergy crops for production of liquid transportation fuels. However, lignocellulosic biomass is recalcitrant to saccharification (sugar release from cell walls), and this is, at least in part, due to the presence of the phenylpropanoid-derived cell wall polymer lignin. A large body of evidence exists documenting the impacts of lignin modification in plants. This technology can lead to improved forage quality and enhanced processing properties for trees (paper pulping) and lignocellulosic energy crops. We here provide a comprehensive review of the literature on lignin modification in plants. The pathway has been targeted through down-regulating expression of the enzymes of the monolignol pathway, as well as through down-regulation or over-expression of transcription factors that control lignin biosynthesis and/or programs of secondary cell wall development. Targeting lignin modification at some steps in the monolignol pathway can result in impairment of plant growth and development, often associated with the triggering of endogenous host defense mechanisms. Recent studies suggest that it may be possible to decouple negative growth impacts from lignin reduction.Keywords: monolignol biosynthesis, genetic modification, transcription factor, gene silencing, saccharification. 2 IntroductionLignin is a major component of plant secondary cell walls, and the second most abundant plant polymer on the planet. Lignin constitutes about 15-35% of the dry mass of vascular plants (Adler, 1977). Considerable attention has been given over the past several years to the reduction of lignin content in model plant species, forages, trees, and dedicated bioenergy feedstocks. This is because forage digestibility, paper pulping and liquid fuel production from biomass through fermentation are all affected by recalcitrance of lignocellulose, primarily due to the presence of lignin, which blocks accessibility of the sugar-rich cell wall polysaccharides cellulose and hemicellulose to enzymes and microorganisms (Pilate et al., 2002;Reddy et al., 2005;.Much is now known of the biosynthesis of lignin and its control at the transcriptional level. This information informs the targets that have been selected for genetic modification of lignin content and composition in transgenic plants. There is considerable variation in the effects on lignin content and composition depending on the gene that is targeted for down-or up-regulation. Equally important, lignin modification can have profound impacts on plant growth and development, ranging from good through bad to "downright ugly", but these impacts are again strongly target dependent. Understanding the mechanisms that may impact plant growth, which equate to agronomic performance, in crop species "improved" through lignin modification is critical for economic advancement of the forage and biofuels industries. Although still poorly understood, these mechanisms may also throw light on basal plant developmental and de...

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Birches

Lemmetyinen

Järvinen

Keinonen

et al. 2008

Compendium of Transgenic Crop Plants

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The birches are common trees and shrubs of the northern hemisphere. Economically, the most important species is the silver birch ( Betula pendula ), and its breeding started already in 1940s. To speed up breeding, new biotechnological approaches have been introduced, including marker‐assisted breeding, micropropagation, and gene transfer. Possibilities to improve wood quality and stress tolerance are now being studied by using these technologies. Several genes regulating flower development in birch have been isolated, and utilized in development of nonflowering and early‐flowering birches. The only biotechnological applications related to herbivore and fungal resistance so far appear to be the transformation of spider insecticidal peptide gene into Betula platyphylla , and of chitinase IV gene from sugar beet into silver birch. Attempts to modify lignin amount and composition have been made with two genes, but neither of these lead to expected alterations in lignin composition. Birch is quite tolerant to some toxic compounds found in contaminated soil, but so far no transgenic applications for phytoremediation have been reported. The recently established large expressed sequence tag (EST) library and birch oligonucleotide microarray chips will undoubtedly enable further genomic studies on birch and enhance its potential as a deciduous woody model plant.

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Does lignin modification affect feeding preference or growth performance of insect herbivores in transgenic silver birch (Betula pendula Roth)?

Cited by 35 publications

References 37 publications

Paxillus involutus Forms an Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis and Enhances Survival of PtCOMT-modified Betula pendula in vitro

Paxillus involutus Forms an Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis and Enhances Survival of PtCOMT-modified Betula pendula in vitro

Monolignol Biosynthesis and its Genetic Manipulation: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Birches

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