Does International Migration Pay Off? The Labor Market Situation of Finnish Return Migrants Based on Longitudinal Register Data

Koikkalainen, Saara; Linnakangas, Ritva Tuulikki; Suikkanen, Asko

doi:10.19154/njwls.v6i4.5612

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In the literature, it is often presumed that forced or voluntary migrants with little human capital will face greater barriers to improving their quality of life and social and economic integration [ 16 ]. On the other hand, destination countries tend to advertise for a need to accept highly educated professionals to fill gaps in work industries [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Sapeha [ 20 ] finds “during the application process, the Canadian immigration system allocates more points to immigrants with higher levels of education.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reskilled and Integrated, but How? Navigating Trauma and Temporary Hardships

Aydiner

Rider

2022

IJERPH

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Immigrants are often pressed to show how they will contribute to a host country, thus proving through their conditions of entry and human capital whether they will be perceived as an asset or burden, and this is juxtaposed with the host country’s institutions offering an improved quality of life, mainly through employment. Seeking employment is often a key factor to be economically assimilated, and in the case of highly educated Turkish migrants, the opportunity to reclaim their previous professional and quality of life statuses. Based on qualitative research, we have examined the experiences of highly educated Turkish people (n = 42) in the recently forced migrant population. Following events including terrorism and the coup on 15 July 2016, Türkiye experienced the highest forced migration in her history. With exiled Turkish migrants, the forced aspect of their migration prompts them to seek a host country that provides safety, and they are also driven to transfer their educational degrees and professional credentials. However, changing careers to become educated and certified in new fields takes time and resources, contributing to a fluctuating economic status and loss of well-being. Once this is regained, their economic situation is improved, but there is still the lost time from the immigration and transfer period. Thus, the process has positive and negative components, but understanding this nuanced process provides opportunities for policy reform that can shorten the time of re-education, increase employability, and support well-being.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reskilled and Integrated, but How? Navigating Trauma and Temporary Hardships

Aydiner

Rider

2022

IJERPH

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“…And recalling the forced aspect of their migration initiation reveals that their transfer of jobs or seeking education was not planned for or based on migration as an advantageous opportunity. Thus, even with sound education and skill, highly skilled migrants are not moving to take advantage of labor market flexibility (Koikkalainen et al , 2016); thus, their experience is finding ways to reestablish their education and skill levels.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much of the literature on high skilled migrants shows there are opportunities offered in destination countries as they can reach higher professional employment, salary and status (Spadavecchia, 2013; Koikkalainen et al , 2016; Brǎdǎţan and László, 2014). In many developed countries, seeking top talent is associated with high skilled migrants' opportunities (Kulu-Glasgow et al , 2018).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration policies and practices at job market participation: perspectives of highly educated Turks in the US, Canada and Europe

Aydiner

Rider

2021

IJSSP

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PurposeThis study aims to clarify the labor market participation of highly educated Turks who moved or were exiled to the Western countries after the July 15th, 2016 Coup attempt in Turkey. These recent Turkish flows create a compelling case for researching higher education connections and the administration of justice in migration policies/practices related to highly educated people's job market participation. This study aims to expand the discussion on migration policies, practices, job market participation, how highly skilled migrants perceive them in various contexts and understand the complexity of highly educated migrants' incorporation into destination countries and their perspectives and lived experiences with policy practice.Design/methodology/approachThe primary source of the data is the semi-structured 30 interviews with the highly educated Turkish immigrants and refugees in Western countries, which enables comparative data from individuals of the same origin. The qualitative data have been transcribed, coded and analyzed according to the grounded-theory design from this vulnerable community. The high education was determined as graduation from 4-years colleges, which was recognized by destination countries. Our methodological tools were driven by the obstacles to collect data from politically sensitive, forced, or exiled migrants.FindingsFirst, this article challenges the assumption that incorporating job market participation is a smooth process for highly educated migrants who moved to Western countries. Second, highly educated immigrants tried to reach their previous statuses and life standards as fast as possible by working hard, making sacrifices and developing innovative strategies. The immigrants in Europe have faced greater obstacles with policies while participating in the job market. Third, the importance of networking and the active usage of social media platforms to communicate with other immigrants in similar situations facilitated the job market participation and job preferences of highly educated migrants. Fourth, while fast job market participation experiences of immigrants in Northern America were increasing their positive feelings regarding belonging, people who have similar skillsets in Europe experienced more problems in this process and felt alone.Research limitations/implicationsThe research results may lack generalizability due to the selected research approach. Further studies are encouraged to reach more population for each country to compare them.Practical implicationsConsequently, higher education may be a more vital decision point in migration policies and practices. This study contributes to a better understanding of these factors by showing the perspectives and experiences of highly educated migrants comparatively. Thus, it broadens the discussion about migration policies and job market participation of highly educated migrants.Social implicationsBuilding on this work, the authors suggest more studies on the temporary deskilling of highly educated migrants until they reach re-credentialing/education or training to gain their former status.Originality/valueFirst, while most studies on immigrants' labor market participation and highly educated immigrants focus on voluntary migrants, this study examines underrepresented groups of involuntary migrants, namely forced migrants and exiled people, by focusing on non-Western Muslim highly educated Turks. Second, the trouble in the Middle East continues and regimes change softly or harshly. There is a growing tendency to examine these topics from the immigrants' perspective, especially from these war-torn areas. This article adds to this discussion by stating that rather than forced migration due to armed conflict, the immigrants from Turkey – the non-Arab Muslim state of the Middle East – are related to political conditions. Lastly, drawing on the relationship between social change in the origin country and migration and addressing the lack of reliable and comparative data, this study focuses on same origin immigrants comparatively in eight different countries.

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“…Given that large-scale return migration is a relatively recent phenomenon in Albania it is yet to be established whether emigrants acquired employment skills useful on their return (Labrianidis and Hatziprokopiou, 2005). Studies analysing the demographic characteristics of the returnees such as Koikkalainen et. al.…”

Section: Return Migration: a Brief Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Determinants of the Employment Status of Return Migrants in Albania

2019

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Return migration may be associated with the addition of new human capital, entrepreneurial skills and investment funds in the country of origin. The size of these stimuli will likely depend upon the characteristics of the return migrants and the motivation for their return. This paper presents an analysis of the determinants of the probability of Albanian return migrants being in employment. This study examines the role of the socio-demographic characteristics of returning migrants; their experience while abroad and the motivations for their return. The results suggest that being male, holding a university degree, being unemployed before returning and receiving training while abroad increase the probability of finding a job after return. The higher probability of returnees being in employment or self-employment indicates that the overall benefits to the economy of return migrants may be much larger than previously thought. Facilitating or accelerating the social integration and employability of return migrants to Albania could encourage more emigrants to return and provide a further boost to its economy.

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Does International Migration Pay Off? The Labor Market Situation of Finnish Return Migrants Based on Longitudinal Register Data

Abstract: International mobility is a form of flexible labor market adaptation available for young

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Reskilled and Integrated, but How? Navigating Trauma and Temporary Hardships

Reskilled and Integrated, but How? Navigating Trauma and Temporary Hardships

Migration policies and practices at job market participation: perspectives of highly educated Turks in the US, Canada and Europe

The Determinants of the Employment Status of Return Migrants in Albania

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