Does Hyphal‐Tip Ensure the Same Allelic Composition at SSR Loci as Monosporic Isolates of <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>?

Lehner, Miller da Silva; Júnior, Trazilbo J. Paula; Mizubuti, Eduardo S. G.

doi:10.1111/jph.12429

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…were subjected to a step of single hypha isolation prior to their entry in the fungal collection of the laboratory after which they were considered as strains (i.e., pure lines). For this, single pieces of hyphal tip were excised from the growing margin of a colony after 2 days of incubation on PDA and transferred to fresh medium as described by Lehner et al (2016) . The single-hypha strains were then stored as sclerotia at −20°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Aerial Interconnectivity of Distant Reservoirs of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Leyronas¹,

Morris²,

Choufany

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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Many phytopathogenic fungi are disseminated as spores via the atmosphere from short to long distances. The distance of dissemination determines the extent to which plant diseases can spread and novel genotypes of pathogens can invade new territories. Predictive tools including models that forecast the arrival of spores in areas where susceptible crops are grown can help to more efficiently manage crop health. However, such models are difficult to establish for fungi with broad host ranges because sources of inoculum cannot be readily identified. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the pandemic agent of white mold disease, can attack >400 plant species including economically important crops. Monitoring airborne inoculum of S. sclerotiorum in several French cropping areas has shown that viable ascospores are present in the air almost all the time, even when no susceptible crops are nearby. This raises the hypothesis of a distant origin of airborne inoculum. The objective of the present study was to determine the interconnectivity of reservoirs of S. sclerotiorum from distant regions based on networks of air mass movement. Viable airborne inoculum of S. sclerotiorum was collected in four distinct regions of France and 498 strains were genotyped with 16 specific microsatellite markers and compared among the regions. Air mass movements were inferred using the HYSPLIT model and archived meteorological data from the global data assimilation system (GDAS). The results show that up to 700 km could separate collection sites that shared the same haplotypes. There was low or no genetic differentiation between strains collected from the four sites. The rate of aerial connectivity between two sites varied according to the direction considered. The results also show that the aerial connectivity between sites is a better indicator of the probability of the incoming component (PIC) of inoculum at a given site from another one than is geographic distance. We identified the links between specific sites in the trajectories of air masses and we quantified the frequencies at which the directional links occurred as a proof-of-concept for an operational method to assess the arrival of airborne inoculum in a given area from distant origins.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Aerial Interconnectivity of Distant Reservoirs of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Leyronas¹,

Morris²,

Choufany

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Prior to their entry in the fungal collection of the laboratory, all airborne isolates were subjected to a step of single hypha isolation. For this, single pieces of hyphal tip were excised from the growing margin of a colony after two days of incubation on PDA and transferred to fresh medium as described by Lehner et al (2016). The single-hypha isolates were then stored as sclerotia at -20°C.…”

Section: Sampling and Quantification Of Airborne Propagules In The Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum airborne inoculum, the widespread agent of white mould disease

Leyronas¹,

Benigni²,

Leignez³

et al. 2019

Aerobiologia

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A means to rationalize the use of fungicides for crop protection and to make agriculture friendlier to environment and human health is to develop disease-risk forecasting systems based on the assessment of airborne inoculum abundance. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the pandemic agent of white mould disease, is disseminated via the atmosphere in the form of ascospores. These airborne spores are the primary source of inoculum initiating the majority of epidemics. However for witloof chicory (Cichorium intybus var. foliosum L.), there is no data about airborne inoculum of S. sclerotiorum, which makes it difficult to develop a forecasting model. In the present study we characterized the temporal evolution of the abundance and of the genetic characteristics of S. sclerotiorum inoculum on a witloof chicory field located in Northern France over a three-year period. To our knowledge, this study provides the first quantification of viable airborne populations of this fungus in witloof chicory crops. Moreover it provides the first genetic characterization of S. sclerotiorum airborne inoculum. The results show that viable ascospores were present through 80% of the sampling dates. A significant correlation between abundance of airborne ascospores and local relative humidity suggests a local origin of inoculum. However, the existence of a slight genetic differentiation between isolates carried by air masses coming from the West and from the North-West is compatible with the hypothesis of a distant origin of S. sclerotiorum inoculum. We discuss the additional studies that are envisioned to clarify the origin of S. sclerotiorum airborne inoculum in witloof chicory fields.

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“…Prior to their entry into the laboratory fungal collection, all isolates (from soil, carrots and the air) were subjected to a step of single hypha isolation. For this, single pieces of hyphal tip were excised from the growing margin of a colony after 2 days of incubation on PDA and transferred to fresh medium as described by Lehner et al (2016). When forming sclerotia, the single‐hypha isolates were stored as sclerotia at −20°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne versus soilborne inoculum: White mould, where do you come from?

2023

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Identifying the sources of fungal inoculum that induces epidemics is instrumental to managing crop health in a more efficient way by implementing prophylactic methods and by using better targeted biocontrol and fungicide applications. For some phytopathogenic fungi, this identification is hampered by the multiplicity of inoculum types. This is the case for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the agent of white mould, which can produce ascospores disseminated via the atmosphere, sclerotia stored in the soil and mycelium in plant debris of a large variety of hosts. The present study aims to assess the relative importance of airborne and soilborne inocula in white mould disease development and its persistence across two crop seasons. S. sclerotiorum isolates were collected from air, soil and carrot plants during two crop seasons in south‐western France and genotyped with 16 microsatellite markers. Among the 490 isolates, 162 clonal lineages were identified. The genetic characteristics did not differ significantly among isolates collected from air, soil and carrots. The epidemics of white mould on carrots were initiated either by airborne inoculum or by soilborne inoculum. It also appears that some isolates from airborne inoculum persisted from year to year.

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Does Hyphal‐Tip Ensure the Same Allelic Composition at SSR Loci as Monosporic Isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum?

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Assessing the Aerial Interconnectivity of Distant Reservoirs of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Assessing the Aerial Interconnectivity of Distant Reservoirs of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Characterization of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum airborne inoculum, the widespread agent of white mould disease

Airborne versus soilborne inoculum: White mould, where do you come from?

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