Does Hydrotherapy Help or Hinder Adaptation to Training in Competitive Cyclists?

Halson, Shona L.; Bartram, Jason C.; West, Nicholas P.; Stephens, Jessica; Argus, Christos K.; Driller, Matthew W.; Sargent, Charli; Lastella, Michele; Hopkins, Will G.; Martin, David T.

doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000268

Cited by 47 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Yamane et al (2006) reported that one leg post-exercise CWI over 4 to 6 weeks of training attenuated cycling performance improvements when compared to the control leg (no CWI). Conversely, Halson et al (2014) found that post-exercise CWI four times per week over 3 weeks of intensified training, followed by taper, did not impair adaptation to training in competitive cyclists. Instead, the CWI group demonstrated a marginal (non-significant) increase in performance when compared with the control group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Only few studies have evaluated the effect of CWI during endurance training (Yamane et al 2006;Halson et al 2014;Ihsan et al 2015) and the results are not consistent. Yamane et al (2006) reported that one leg post-exercise CWI over 4 to 6 weeks of training attenuated cycling performance improvements when compared to the control leg (no CWI).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-exercise cold water immersion does not alter high intensity interval training-induced exercise performance and Hsp72 responses, but enhances mitochondrial markers

Aguiar

Magalhães

Fonseca

et al. 2016

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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This study aims to evaluate the effect of regular post-exercise cold water immersion (CWI) on intramuscular markers of cellular stress response and signaling molecules related to mitochondria biogenesis and exercise performance after 4 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT). Seventeen healthy subjects were allocated into two groups: control (CON, n = 9) or CWI (n = 8). Each HIIT session consisted of 8-12 cycling exercise stimuli (90-110 % of peak power) for 60 s followed by 75 s of active recovery three times per week, for 4 weeks (12 HIIT sessions). After each HIIT session, the CWI had their lower limbs immersed in cold water (10°C) for 15 min and the CON recovered at room temperature. Exercise performance was evaluated before and after HIIT by a 15-km cycling time trial. Vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained pre and 72 h post training. Samples were analyzed for heat shock protein 72 kDa (Hsp72), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK) assessed by western blot. In addition, the mRNA expression of heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 and 2 (NRF1 and 2), mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CaMK2) and enzymes citrate synthase (CS), carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1), and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK4) were assessed by real-time PCR. Time to complete the 15-km cycling time trial was reduced with training (p < 0.001), but was not different between groups (p = 0.33). The Hsp72 (p = 0.01), p38 MAPK, and AMPK (p = 0.04) contents increased with training, but were not different between groups (p > 0.05). No differences were observed with training or condition for mRNA expression of PGC-1α (p = 0.31), CPT1 (p = 0.14), CS (p = 0.44), and NRF-2 (p = 0.82). However, HFS-1 (p = 0.007), PDK4 (p = 0.03), and Tfam (p = 0.03) mRNA were higher in CWI. NRF-1 decrease in both groups after training (p = 0.006). CaMK2 decreased with HIIT (p = 0.003) but it was not affected by CWI (p = 0.99). Cold water immersion does not alter HIIT-induced Hsp72, AMPK, p38 MAPK, and exercise performance but was able to increase some markers of cellular stress response and signaling molecules related to mitochondria biogenesis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-exercise cold water immersion does not alter high intensity interval training-induced exercise performance and Hsp72 responses, but enhances mitochondrial markers

Aguiar

Magalhães

Fonseca

et al. 2016

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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“…3 If an athlete is better recovered between training sessions, subsequent training quality, volume or intensity may improve, potentially serving as a stimulus to enhance long-term training adaptations. 4 Water immersion is widely used by athletes in an attempt to expedite the recovery process following training and/or competition. 5 Although the mechanisms for improvement are largely unknown, both cold water immersion (CWI; ≤ 20°C) and contrast water therapy (CWT; alternating between hot (≥ 36°C) and cold water) have been reported to improve recovery from a variety of exercise modes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold-Water Immersion and Contrast Water Therapy: No Improvement of Short-Term Recovery After Resistance Training

Argus¹,

Broatch²,

Petersen³

et al. 2017

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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Purpose: An athlete's ability to recover quickly is important when there is limited time between training and competition. As such, recovery strategies are commonly used to expedite the recovery process. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of both cold water immersion (CWI) and contrast water therapy (CWT) compared to control on short-term recovery (<4h) following a single full-body resistance training session. Methods: Thirteen males (age, 26 ± 5 years; weight, 79 ± 7 kg; height, 177 ± 5 cm) were assessed for perceptual (fatigue and soreness) and performance measures (maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) of the knee extensors, weighted and unweighted countermovement jumps) prior to and immediately following the training session. Subjects then completed one of three 14 minute recovery strategies (CWI, CWT, or passive sitting, CON), with the perceptual and performance measures reassessed immediately following recovery, two hours post-recovery, and four hours post-recovery. Results: Peak torque during MVC and jump performance were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) following the resistance training session and remained depressed for at least four hours post recovery in all conditions. Neither CWI nor CWT had any effect on perceptual or performance measures over the four hour recovery period. Conclusions: CWI and CWT did not improve short-term (<4h) recovery following a conventional resistance training session.

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“…Kelelahan-kelelahan yang terjadi pada atlet tersebut harus diatasi, salah satu caranya dengan terapi yang menggunakan air sebagai medianya dikenal dengan nama Hydrotheraphy (Halson et al, 2014;Stanley, Buchheit, & Peake, 2012;Vaile, Halson, Gill, & Dawson, 2008). "penggunaan air baik dalam wujud cair, larutan, dan uap dalam terapi melawan penyakit, trauma dan massage (pijatan) dinamakan Hydromassage.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Perbandingan Metode Hydrotherapy Massage dan Massage Manual terhadap Pemulihan Kelelahan Anaerobic Lactacid Pasca Olahraga

Ningrum

Rahayu

2018

JTIKOR

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_________________________________________________________Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan diantara kedua metode massage terhadap pemulihan dan penurunan asam laktat. Dengan menggunakan Desain penelitian One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design terhadap 6 Mahasiswa Ilmu Keolahragaan angkatan 2008 dengan teknik menggunakan Nonprobability Sampling yaitu Purposive Sampling, instrument penelitian yang digunakan adalah Accutrend Lactacid. Hasil penelitian yang di peroleh adalah terdapat penurunan kadar asam laktat yang signifikan dengan nilai rata-rata pretest 10,96 mmol pasca olahraga anaerobik lactacid melalui metode hydrotherapy massage maka di akhir didapat nilai posttest dengan rata-rata 3,63 mmol, lalu terdapat penurunan yang signifikan juga pada metode massage manual dengan nilai pretest 11 mmol dan nilai postest 6,5 mmol dan terdapat perbandingan yang signifikan antara metode hydrotherapy massage dan massage manual dilihat dari nilai rata-rata yang terbesar yaitu metode hydrotherapy massage 7,3333 mmol. Artinya metode hydrotherapy massage dan massage manual sama-sama menurunkan kadar asam laktat secara signifikan , tetapi yang lebih efektif dalam menurunkan kadar asam laktatnya adalah metode hydrotherapy massage Abstrak _________________________________________________________

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Does Hydrotherapy Help or Hinder Adaptation to Training in Competitive Cyclists?

Abstract: Although some effects of CWI on performance were unclear, data from this study do not support recent speculation that CWI is detrimental to performance after increased training load in competitive cyclists.

Cited by 47 publications

References 22 publications

Post-exercise cold water immersion does not alter high intensity interval training-induced exercise performance and Hsp72 responses, but enhances mitochondrial markers

Post-exercise cold water immersion does not alter high intensity interval training-induced exercise performance and Hsp72 responses, but enhances mitochondrial markers

Cold-Water Immersion and Contrast Water Therapy: No Improvement of Short-Term Recovery After Resistance Training

Perbandingan Metode Hydrotherapy Massage dan Massage Manual terhadap Pemulihan Kelelahan Anaerobic Lactacid Pasca Olahraga

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