Does HIV VCT Reduce Risk Behaviors? An Observational Study in Guatemala City

Samayoa, Blanca; Anderson, Matthew; O’Sullivan, Lucia F.; Pacheco, Karla Patricia Alonzo; Matos, Ana Victória Mariano de; Reyes, Denise A.; Setru, Sagar; Arathoon, Eduardo

doi:10.2174/157016210790442696

Cited by 8 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Condom use consistency in the previous three months among PLHIV in Guatemala in another study [8] is lower than condom use consistency reported by the sample in our study in the previous six months. Nevertheless, the sample in the other study was different from ours: homosexual and bisexual PLHIV were not excluded, they were more recently diagnosed with HIV, they had received less condom counselling, and they were not undergoing antiretroviral therapy.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

“…Initially, before being counselled and diagnosed with HIV; 12.19% (5) of the sample (41 persons) stated that they had never had unprotected sexual relations in the prior three months. On the follow up visit, three months after counselling and diagnosis, 73.17% reported never having unprotected sexual relations in the prior three months [8]. This difference was statistically significant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowledge of HIV transmission and condom use among HIV‐positive heterosexual men and women in Guatemala

Hurtado

Pineda

Cazali

et al. 2011

Journal of the International AIDS Society

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BackgroundThe prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Guatemala among the general population is 0.79%, and 94% of transmission is directly related to sexual contact. Studies have been conducted on high- prevalence HIV-positive populations (men who have sex with men, commercial sex workers and prisoners). Heterosexual transmission has gained importance in the epidemic in Central America. To our knowledge, no study addressing knowledge of mechanisms of HIV transmission and condom use has been done on HIV-positive heterosexual men and women.MethodsA closed-ended structured interview that addressed knowledge of mechanisms of HIV transmission and condom use was conducted on 283 heterosexual HIV-positive men (54.8%) and women (45.2%) outpatients who attend the Roosevelt Hospital's Clinic of Infectious Diseases in Guatemala City. Differences between selected characteristics were examined for significance using the Chi-square test. A multiple logistic regression was done to determine socio-demographic variables associated with inconsistent condom use.ResultsOf the interviewed persons, 68.5% were either living with a partner or married, and 94.3% were currently using antiretroviral therapy. Most respondents knew the mechanisms of transmission of HIV. 81.7% and 87.3% reported always using a condom with their regular and casual sexual partner in the past year, respectively. There was no statistically difference in condom use according to the patient's formal education, gender, type of partner (regular or casual)or number of sexual partners. According to the interviewees, 72% of sexual partners in the past year were either HIV negative or of an unknown serostatus. Potentially, these HIV-negative persons are at risk of contracting the virus. Among the main reasons given for not using a condom were: "my partner did not want to use a condom"; and "the condom irritates or makes my partner uncomfortable".ConclusionsSince no socio-demographic or sexual behavior variable was associated with inconsistent condom use, we recommend intensive and regular condom counselling for every heterosexual HIV-positive outpatient who attends the clinic. Further studies should be done to determine condom use negotiation between partners; and to determine social, interpersonal and psychological factors that might affect the decision to use a condom or not.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge of HIV transmission and condom use among HIV‐positive heterosexual men and women in Guatemala

Hurtado

Pineda

Cazali

et al. 2011

Journal of the International AIDS Society

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Two studies, one among individuals and one among couples, were multi-site, with locations in Trinidad, Kenya, and Tanzania (19, 20). The remaining five studies took place in the following locations: two in China (29, 30), two in Thailand (31, 32), and one in Guatemala (33). Most studies (N=12) took place in an urban location, while three took place in rural settings (15, 18, 30), one took place in a peri-urban setting (31), and one took place in a mixed setting involving both urban and rural locations (28).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combined, the 17 studies included a total baseline population of 40,309 participants. Study designs included one individual-randomized trial (19, 20), two group-randomized trials (19–21), three prospective cohort studies (15, 18, 27), eight before/after studies with no comparison group (23–25, 28–31, 33), one time-series study (22), and two cross-sectional studies (26, 32). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) for changing HIV-related risk behavior in developing countries

Fonner

Denison

Kennedy

et al. 2012

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

157

148

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“…Recent HIV-prevention programmes have focused on counselling HIV-positive individuals to reduce their own risk behaviour as a way to limit transmission of the virus (Gerbert, Danley, Herzig, Clanon, Ciccarone, Gilbert & Allerton, 2006; Gilbert, Ciccarone, Gansky, Bangsberg, Clanon, McPhee et al ., 2008; Samayoa, Anderson, O’Sullivan, Patricia, Pacheco, Matos et al ., 2010). Other HIV-prevention programmes have focused on helping HIV-negative persons avoid infection (Abdool Karim, Sibeko & Baxter, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exploratory study of HIV-prevention advocacy by persons in HIV care in Uganda

Tumwine

Nannungi

Ssegujja

et al. 2011

African Journal of AIDS Research

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To explore how people living with HIV (PLHIV) and in care encourage others to adopt HIV-protective behaviours, we conducted in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of 40 HIV clinic patients in Kampala, Uganda. Content analysis was used to examine the message content, trigger events, and outcomes of HIV-prevention advocacy events initiated by the HIV clients with members of their social networks. The content themes included encouraging specific behaviours, such as HIV testing and treatment, condom use and non-promiscuity, as well as more general cautionary messages about protecting oneself from HIV infection. Common triggers for bringing up HIV-prevention advocacy information in a discussion or conversation included: wanting to prevent the targeted person from ‘falling into the same problems,’ wanting to benefit oneself with regard to avoiding re-infection, out of concern that the target would engage in higher-risk behaviour, due to observed changes in the target’s health, and to convey information after receiving treatment at the clinic. The participants mostly reported positive or neutral responses to these advocacy events; negative responses were rare. Interventions to empower PLHIV to be agents of change could represent a new frontier for HIV prevention.

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Does HIV VCT Reduce Risk Behaviors? An Observational Study in Guatemala City

Abstract: Voluntary counseling and testing resulted in changes in some self-reported risk behaviors, but only among HIV positive subjects. On nearly all measures men report riskier behavior than women. Alcohol is the most commonly used drug in this population and is often used with sex.

Cited by 8 publications

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Knowledge of HIV transmission and condom use among HIV‐positive heterosexual men and women in Guatemala

Knowledge of HIV transmission and condom use among HIV‐positive heterosexual men and women in Guatemala

Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) for changing HIV-related risk behavior in developing countries

An exploratory study of HIV-prevention advocacy by persons in HIV care in Uganda

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