Does Heat Acclimation Improve Exercise Capacity at Altitude? A Cross-tolerance Model

White, Ailish C.; Salgado, Roy M.; Schneider, Suzanne; Loeppky, Jack A.; Astorino, T. A.; Mermier, Christine M.

doi:10.1055/s-0034-1368724

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…(), heat acclimation may provide a stimulus for improving performance in nonthermally challenging environments via improvements in

{\dot{normalV} O}_{2 \max}

, lactate threshold, and economy. Interestingly, it has also been suggested that heat acclimation may serve to preserve or enhance performance at altitude (White et al., ). The purported pathways for such a response include plasma volume expansion, improved cardiac efficiency, and involve the up‐regulation of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 in boosting oxygen delivery.…”

Section: Physiological Adaptations and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptations and mechanisms of human heat acclimation: Applications for competitive athletes and sports

Périard

Racinais

Sawka

2015

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

417

486

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Exercise heat acclimation induces physiological adaptations that improve thermoregulation, attenuate physiological strain, reduce the risk of serious heat illness, and improve aerobic performance in warm-hot environments and potentially in temperate environments. The adaptations include improved sweating, improved skin blood flow, lowered body temperatures, reduced cardiovascular strain, improved fluid balance, altered metabolism, and enhanced cellular protection. The magnitudes of adaptations are determined by the intensity, duration, frequency, and number of heat exposures, as well as the environmental conditions (i.e., dry or humid heat).Evidence is emerging that controlled hyperthermia regimens where a target core temperature is maintained, enable more rapid and complete adaptations relative to the traditional constant work rate exercise heat acclimation regimens. Furthermore, inducing heat acclimation outdoors in a natural field setting may provide more specific adaptations based on direct exposure to the exact environmental and exercise conditions to be encountered during competition. This review initially examines the physiological adaptations associated with heat acclimation induction regimens, and subsequently emphasizes their application to competitive athletes and sports.

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“…(), heat acclimation may provide a stimulus for improving performance in nonthermally challenging environments via improvements in

{\dot{normalV} O}_{2 \max}

Section: Physiological Adaptations and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptations and mechanisms of human heat acclimation: Applications for competitive athletes and sports

Périard

Racinais

Sawka

2015

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

417

486

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Accordingly, heat acclimation may provide a stimulus for enhancing performance in nonthermally challenging environments by improving VO 2 max, lactate threshold, and exercise economy (Corbett et al, 2014). It has also been suggested that heat acclimation may preserve or enhance performance at altitude (White et al, 2014). The purported pathways for such a response include plasma volume expansion and improved cardiac efficiency, and involve the upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in boosting oxygen delivery.…”

Section: Heat Training For Improved Performance In Temperate Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Special Environments: Altitude and Heat

Saunders

Garvican-Lewis

Chapman

et al. 2019

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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High-level athletes are always looking at ways to maximize training adaptations for competition performance, and using altered environmental conditions to achieve this outcome has become increasingly popular by elite athletes. Furthermore, a series of potential nutrition and hydration interventions may also optimize the adaptation to altered environments. Altitude training was first used to prepare for competition at altitude, and it still is today; however, more often now, elite athletes embark on a series of altitude training camps to try to improve sea-level performance. Similarly, the use of heat acclimation/acclimatization to optimize performance in hot/humid environmental conditions is a common practice by high-level athletes and is well supported in the scientific literature. More recently, the use of heat training to improve exercise capacity in temperate environments has been investigated and appears to have positive outcomes. This consensus statement will detail the use of both heat and altitude training interventions to optimize performance capacities in elite athletes in both normal environmental conditions and extreme conditions (hot and/or high), with a focus on the importance of nutritional strategies required in these extreme environmental conditions to maximize adaptations conducive to competitive performance enhancement.

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“…With respect to sport‐specific fitness of team‐/racquet‐sport players, growing evidence indicates that larger improvements in RS ability are possible following RS training conducted in hypoxia compared with matched training (sprint number) in normoxia (Faiss et al., ). Recently, the concept of cross‐tolerance – i.e., acclimation to one environmental stressor (i.e., heat) could enhance adaptation to various other stressors (i.e., hypoxia or vice versa) – has emerged as a time‐efficient solution, as it is believed to activate common protective pathways (i.e., HIF‐1α pathway, expansion of plasma volume, or improved cardiac efficiency; White et al., ). While this may potentially increase and/or speed up competition preparation of “sprint” athletes engaged in sporting events scheduled in challenging environmental conditions, evidence of the efficacy of the cross‐tolerance concept is lacking.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sprint performance under heat stress: A review

Girard

Brocherie

Bishop

2015

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Training and competition in major track-and-field events, and for many team or racquet sports, often require the completion of maximal sprints in hot (>30°C) ambient conditions. Enhanced short-term (<30 s) power output or single-sprint performance, resulting from transient heat exposure (muscle temperature rise), can be attributed to improved muscle contractility. Under heat stress, elevations in skin/core temperatures are associated with increased cardiovascular and metabolic loads in addition to decreasing voluntary muscle activation; there is also compelling evidence to suggest that large performance decrements occur when repeated-sprint exercise (consisting of brief recovery periods between sprints, usually <60 s) is performed in hot compared with cool conditions. Conversely, poorer intermittent-sprint performance (recovery periods long enough to allow near complete recovery, usually 60-300 s) in hotter conditions is solely observed when exercise induces marked hyperthermia (core temperature >39°C). Here we also discuss strategies (heat acclimatization, precooling, hydration strategies) employed by "sprint" athletes to mitigate the negative influence of higher environmental temperatures.

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Does Heat Acclimation Improve Exercise Capacity at Altitude? A Cross-tolerance Model

Cited by 20 publications

References 42 publications

Adaptations and mechanisms of human heat acclimation: Applications for competitive athletes and sports

Adaptations and mechanisms of human heat acclimation: Applications for competitive athletes and sports

Special Environments: Altitude and Heat

Sprint performance under heat stress: A review

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