Does Growth Generate Jobs in Eastern Europe and Central Asia?

Abstract

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.

Do Macroeconomic Structures and Policies Shape the Employment Intensity of Growth Differently for Women and Men?

“…For this reason, we are careful to distinguish inflation and the coefficient of variation in output growth as separate, but overlapping, features of the macroeconomy. In addition to sectoral composition, inflation, and growth volatility, AriasVazquez et al (2012), Richter andWitkowski (2014), andMcMillan andRodrik (2011) also find that higher employment intensities are associated with lower natural resource rents, as natural resource extraction is not historically an employment intensive industry.…”

“…For example, Richter and Witkowski (2014) find that higher export diversity is positively related to employment intensities, but others present mixed evidence as to the impact of openness, foreign direct investment, and terms of trade. In a review of empirical studies of growth and job creation, Basnett and Sen (2013) also conclude that the evidence on trade liberalization's impact is inconclusive.…”

“…Various measurements of labor market rigidities and labor costs are applied, which impact the results of the studies surveyed. For the Euro area, Döpke (2001) and Mourre (2004) (Crivelli et al, 2012;Richter and Witkowski, 2014). Kapsos (2005) was the only large sample, cross-country study reviewed that estimated the determinants of employment intensities by gender.…”

The Effect of Economic Growth on Employment in GCC Countries

“…The authors then examine the determinants of employment elasticity and conclude that structural and macroeconomic policies significantly affect employment elasticity. For their part, Richter and Witkowski (2014) analyze the employment response to output in a sample of Eastern Europe and Central Asia countries. It has been revealed that employment elasticity increased over time and doubled between 1995-2001 and 2002-2007.…”

International Financial Institutions Ask to Contribute to Climate Protection

“…stages of economic (and thus financial) transition [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] in countries that decades ago still were part of a much more secluded economic sphere [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40], and thus had thrived less, economically and financially, despite their mostly healthy base of human capital. One of the most recent and most comprehensive reports is by UNECE [41]; thus, providing a cutting-edge and neutral set of assessments and recommendations for countries with a similar structure as Russia.…”