Does gender matter? A review of work‐related gender commonalities

Gilbert, G. Ronald; Burnett, Meredith F.; Phau, Ian; Haar, J.W. van der

doi:10.1108/17542411011092336

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…This reects a standard result showing dierences in aspirations between boys and girls (Gilbert et al, 2010), that will be subsequently reected through horizontal labor market segregation 22 . Parental human and nancial capital seem to inuence almost all transitions, but largest eects are observed for the academic path.…”

Section: Estimation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The End of Compulsory School for Migrants: One More Year for Low-Track Students

Latina

Ramirez

2012

SSRN Journal

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SummaryIntegration of migrants into the host country depends on many factors. Using a typology based on different forms of capital (financial and human, social, and political), we focus on migrant integration into the Swiss schooling system, as expressed by their track choice at the upper-secondary level. In particular, we examine whether school transitions of children from certain migrant communities are negatively affected by a lack of social capital. To do so, we estimate a reduced-form multinomial logit, using longitudinal data from the Canton of Geneva (Switzerland), for the period [1990][1991][1992][1993][1994][1995][1996][1997][1998][1999][2000][2001][2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007]. While differing substantially between high-track and low-track students, results confirm our expectations: first, social capital matters independently of human and financial capital; second, while affecting all students, the impact of a lack of social capital is higher on high-track students. However, the accumulation of social capital, trough experience inside the schooling system, plays generally a greater role for low-track students, but results differ when several profiles of students are considered. In particular, among low-track male students, recent migrants are disadvantaged, compared to natives and first-wave migrants, as they are, ceteris paribus, more often oriented toward non-certifying remedial education. For both types of students, nationality dummies remain significant, suggesting that other factors are at play, such as cultural orientation towards effort or reception of a particular community in the destination country. Finally, structural compositions of middle schools explain almost all the remaining differences between schools (i.e. school effects), once individual and familial characteristics have been considered: while sharing the same school, low-track and high-track students face different socioeconomic and sociodemographic external effects on their transition probabilities. Keywords RésuméDans la plupart des pays occidentaux, l'augmentation de l'hétérogénéité de la population ne va pas sans poser de problèmes. En particulier, la manière dont les enfants de migrants sont intégrés dans le système scolaire présente un certain nombre de défis pour les pays d'accueil.Dans cet article, nous examinons l'intégration scolaire des enfants migrants en nous focalisant sur leurs choix d'orientation à la fin de l'école obligatoire (cycle d'orientation). Nous empruntons le cadre théorique de Bourdieux (1986) et Coleman (1988, qui ajoutent aux formes classiques de capital (financier et humain) une troisième dimension : le capital social. Dans le contexte spécifique de la migration, Rumbaut (1998) nous offre une typologie des ressources et vulnérabilités associées à chaque immigrant. Celles-ci s'articulent autour de trois points : les ressources associées à la classe sociale (le capital financier et humain), le statut légal dans le pays d'accueil (le capital politique) et le réseau social, la structure et la cohés...

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Section: Estimation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The End of Compulsory School for Migrants: One More Year for Low-Track Students

Latina

Ramirez

2012

SSRN Journal

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“…Differences may also be attributable to opposing values and expectations. The internalisation of gender-specific roles as part of the socialisation process to fit into a particular culture (Costa et al, 2001; Gilbert, Burnett, Phau, & Haar, 2010) leads males and females to present themselves in ways congruent to what they perceive to be an appropriate level of masculinity and femininity. Gilligan (1993) argues that the interaction effect of gender-based norms and the need to preserve relationships may cause females to suppress their own opinions and ideas – even at the expense of authenticity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing trust levels of male and female managers: measurement invariance of the behavioural trust inventory

Heyns

Rothmann

2015

South African Journal of Psychology

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Despite the widely acknowledged need for validated trust measurement instruments and the legal obligation to ensure that psychometric tests are unbiased towards different groups in South Africa, no attempt has ever been made to address the aim of this study, which is to investigate the measurement invariance of the Behavioural Trust Inventory for managers of different genders. A cross-sectional survey with a convenience sample (N = 539) was used. The Behavioural Trust Inventory and a biographical questionnaire were administered. The results showed that a two-factor model (consisting of reliance and disclosure) fitted the data best. Measurement invariance by gender was computed with the establishment of subsequent invariance constraints in the model parameters across groups. Configural, metric, and partial scalar invariances of the two-factor model of the Behavioural Trust Inventory were confirmed across male and female managers. One item that measures one’s willingness to share personal beliefs with a leader demonstrated a lack of scalar invariance for the female group; results for this item should therefore be treated with caution. Finally, latent factor mean analyses revealed no significant differences between male and female managers on the trust scales.

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“…Women managers are seen to embody what are perceived to be the emotional, illogical, and sexual aspects of organizations, compared with men who tend to symbolize gender-neutral rationality and decision making [16]. Furthermore, Gilbert [17] in a study conducted in three English speaking countries (America, Jamaica, and Australia) examines the differences between female and male business professionals. The finding is that there indeed exist notable or significant differences between the work preferences of female and male business professionals within different countries.…”

Section: Women Are Intuitive Decision Makersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Stereotype in Joyce Lebra’s The Scent of Sake

Arifatin

2019

NOTION

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Gender stereotype should be understood as negative beliefs shared by a particular group due to over-simplification and generalization. In this study, gender stereotype is used to mean negative beliefs toward women, which is based on their sexual or gender identity instead of their personal quality and individual competence. The writer try to show that in The Scent of Sake by Joyce Lebra is considered as a novel depicting the issue of gender stereotype in Japanese family culture, especially in managing the sake business which is represented trough Rie as the main character. Hence, in this study try to answer What are gender stereotypes experienced by Rie as reflected in Joyce Lebra’s The Scent of Sake and how does Rie struggle against gender stereotype as reflected in the novel. The research design used by the writer is literary criticism; it is liberal feminism especially the theory of Mary Wollstonecraft. The results of the study show that women as represented by Rie, is stereotyped in the family’s sake business through many negative stigmas. Such stereotypes have given negative influences toward Rie in terms of marginalization in management, in educational access and women’s lack of decision making in marriage. To reduce the effects, Rie struggles against gender stereotype by performing the stereotypes. Through considerable struggles, Rie has proven that women should not be viewed as inferior to men. Rie has tried very hard to play an active role as a subject in her own family’s business of sake production.

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Does gender matter? A review of work‐related gender commonalities

Cited by 19 publications

References 66 publications

The End of Compulsory School for Migrants: One More Year for Low-Track Students

The End of Compulsory School for Migrants: One More Year for Low-Track Students

Comparing trust levels of male and female managers: measurement invariance of the behavioural trust inventory

Gender Stereotype in Joyce Lebra’s The Scent of Sake

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