Does fledging equal success? Post-fledging mortality in the Black-fronted Tern

Keedwell, Rachel J.

doi:10.1648/0273-8570-74.3.217

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Several studies have shown a positive correlation between mass at Xedging and juvenile survival and recruitment in unparasitized nests (Naef-Daenzer et al 2001;Monrós et al 2002;Keedwell 2003) whereas others have not (Anders et al 1997;Brown and Roth 2004;Kershner et al 2004). Competitively superior cowbird nestlings may cause signiWcant reductions in mass or growth of host nestlings (Smith 1981;Payne and Payne 1998;Burhans et al 2000;Hoover 2003a) that are particularly costly to post-Xedging survival of host oVspring.…”

Section: Ovspring Recruitment and Juvenile Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brood parasitism increases provisioning rate, and reduces offspring recruitment and adult return rates, in a cowbird host

Hoover

Reetz

2006

Oecologia

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Interspecific brood parasitism in birds presents a special problem for the host because the parasitic offspring exploit their foster parents, causing them to invest more energy in their current reproductive effort. Nestling brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) are a burden to relatively small hosts and may reduce fledgling quality and adult survival. We documented food-provisioning rates of one small host, the prothonotary warbler (Protonotaria citrea), at broods that were similar in age (containing nestlings 8-9 days old), but that varied in composition (number of warbler and cowbird nestlings) and mass, and measured the effect of brood parasitism on offspring recruitment and adult returns in the host. The rate of food provisioning increased with brood mass, and males and females contributed equally to feeding nestlings. Controlling for brood mass, the provisioning rate was higher for nests with cowbirds than those without. Recruitment of warbler fledglings from unparasitized nests was 1.6 and 3.7 times higher than that of fledglings from nests containing one or two cowbirds, respectively. Returns of double-brooded adult male and female warblers decreased with an increase in the number of cowbirds raised, but the decrease was more pronounced in males. Reduced returns of warbler adults and recruitment of warbler fledglings with increased cowbird parasitism was likely a result of reduced survival. Cowbird parasitism increased the warblers' investment in current reproductive effort, while exerting additional costs to current reproduction and residual reproductive value. Our study provides the strongest evidence to date for negative effects of cowbird parasitism on recruitment of host fledglings and survival of host adults.

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Section: Ovspring Recruitment and Juvenile Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brood parasitism increases provisioning rate, and reduces offspring recruitment and adult return rates, in a cowbird host

Hoover

Reetz

2006

Oecologia

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“…yet the postfledging stage can be a critical time period for exploration (baker 1993), dispersal (greenwood and Harvey 1982, Pärt 1990), growth (Stienen andbrenninkmeijer 2002, Schauroth andbecker 2008), and survival (bendel and Therres 1993, Keedwell 2003, Davies and Restani 2006, which can have important effects on population dynamics. Habitat selection of adults and juveniles may differ, and postfledging survival can be habitat dependent (King et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postfledging Forster's Tern Movements, Habitat Selection, and Colony Attendance in San Francisco Bay

Ackerman

Bluso-Demers

Takekawa

2009

Condor

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Resumen. Se conoce relativamente poco a cerca de las aves durante el período posterior al emplumamiento, cuando los pichones con capacidad de volar han abandonado el nido y deben aprender a forrajear independientemente. Examinamos los movimientos posteriores al abandono del nido, la selección de hábitat y la presencia en las colonias de individuos de la especie Sterna forsteri marcados con transmisores de radio justo antes del emplumamiento en la bahía de San Francisco, California. La proporción del día que las aves jóvenes pasaron en su colonia natal disminuyó a medida que su edad aumentó, desde el 65% al momento del emplumamiento hasta menos del 5% a las dos semanas de haber emplumado. De modo concordante, la distancia a su colonia a la que las aves fueron localizadas aumentó con su edad, de menos de 500 m durante la primera semana después de abandonar el nido a más de 5000 m para la quinta semana. La hora del día también influenció la presencia en la colonia: las aves de mayor edad pasaron más tiempo en la colonia durante las horas de la noche (20:00 a 05:00) que durante el día (06:00 a 19:00), cuando presumiblemente estaban forrajeando. Los ámbitos hogareños y las áreas núcleo de uso promediaron 12.14 km 2 y 2.23 km 2 , respectivamente. A cada una de cuatro escalas espaciales de análisis, las aves mostraron una preferencia marcada por los ambientes de estanques salinos. Los otros ambientes no fueron seleccionados a ninguna escala, pero las aves consistentemente evitaron las planicies mareales y las tierras altas. Éstas también evitaron los ambientes de bahías abiertas a las dos escalas espaciales más grandes, los pantanos mareales a las dos escalas más pequeñas y los barrizales y pantanos manejados a varias escalas. Dentro de los estanques salinos, las aves se econtraron más cerca de los diques (58 m) que lo que se esperaba (107 m). Nuestros resultados indican que los pichones de S. forsteri se dispersan desde su colonia natal antes de unas pocas semanas después de abandonar el nido, que los pichones de mayor edad usan su colonia natal principalmente para descansar durante la noche y que después del emplumamiento estas aves son altamente dependientes de los estanques salinos. POSTFLEDgINg FORSTER'S TERN MOVEMENTS, HAbITAT SELECTION, AND COLONy ATTENDANCE IN SAN FRANCISCO bAy Movimientos, Selección de Hábitat y Presencia en las Colonias de Sterna forsteri Después del EmplumamientoAbstract. Relatively little is known about birds during the postfledging period when flighted chicks have left the nest and must learn to forage independently. We examined postfledging movements, habitat selection, and colony attendance of Forster's Terns (Sterna forsteri) radio-marked just before they fledged in San Francisco bay, California. The proportion of the day spent at their natal colony declined as juveniles aged, from 65% at the time of fledging to <5% within two weeks of fledging. Accordingly, the distance postfledging terns were located from their colony increased as they aged, from <500 m within the first week of fledgin...

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“…Advances in technology, particularly video cameras with increased memory capacity, will aid in overcoming these challenges and trade-offs between collecting data and disturbance involved in monitoring black-fronted terns, particularly on large, lowland rivers. The actual estimate of productivity (number of fledglings per nest) for the lower Waitaki River will be substantially lower than the hatching success as a high degree of mortality occurs pre-and post-fledging (Keedwell 2003(Keedwell , 2005Cruz et al 2013). Nevertheless we add critical information on the hatching success of colonies in a lowland river where a large proportion of black-fronted terns breed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Clearing islands as refugia for black-fronted tern (Chlidonias albostriatus) breeding colonies in braided rivers

Schlesselmann¹,

O’Donnell²,

Monks³

et al. 2018

NZ J Ecol

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Black-fronted terns/tarapirohe (Chlidonias albostriatus) are highly adapted to nesting on clear shingle areas of the braided rivers in the South Island, New Zealand. They are nationally and internationally classified as 'Endangered'. Ongoing threats, primarily an interaction of predation and habitat degradation or loss, have resulted in population decline. Conservation management in the form of control of introduced mammalian predators has proven partially successful. Using the lower Waitaki River as a case study, we cleared vegetation from seven islands creating potential refugia from mammalian predators and providing high quality bare gravel breeding habitat. We: (1) determined the mammalian predators present on river banks, vegetated islands and cleared islands; (2) assessed the nesting success of black-fronted terns and primary causes of nest failure; (3) identified the predator species at nests using remote cameras; and (4) compared the nesting success on cleared and vegetated islands. Fewer mammalian predators were detected on islands compared to adjacent riverbanks: mustelids (Mustela spp.) occurred on approximately half of the vegetated islands, but only mice (Mus musculus) were detected once on one of the cleared islands. Black-fronted terns established three colonies on islands immediately after the clearing of vegetation, but nesting success in the lower Waitaki River was low overall (50.5% to 56.4% of nests contained at least one egg that hatched) and the primary cause of nest failure was predation before and after clearing islands. The main predators of nests (62.5% of predation events) were southern black-backed gulls (Larus dominicanus). There was no overall difference in nesting successes of colonies between cleared and vegetated islands, presumably because gulls depredated tern eggs irrespective of vegetation cover around target nests. Nesting success depended on the timing and size of the colony, with earlier established nests and nests in larger colonies being more successful. Artificially created nesting habitat can play a critical role for conservation, particularly on lowland rivers in New Zealand, and we recommend control of avian predators be considered.

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Does fledging equal success? Post-fledging mortality in the Black-fronted Tern

Cited by 31 publications

References 16 publications

Brood parasitism increases provisioning rate, and reduces offspring recruitment and adult return rates, in a cowbird host

Brood parasitism increases provisioning rate, and reduces offspring recruitment and adult return rates, in a cowbird host

Postfledging Forster's Tern Movements, Habitat Selection, and Colony Attendance in San Francisco Bay

Clearing islands as refugia for black-fronted tern (Chlidonias albostriatus) breeding colonies in braided rivers

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