Does extraocular muscle proprioception influence oculomotor control?

Weir, Clifford R.; Knox, Paul C.; Dutton, Gordon N.

doi:10.1136/bjo.84.9.1071

Cited by 56 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…motor command efference copy signals and muscle proprioceptive afference. Today, it seems unlikely that proprioceptive information is used in online control of eye movements (Ruskell, 1999;Weir et al, 2000;Lewis et al, 2001). However, until this issue has been addressed specifically, a possible role of proprioception in SED estimation cannot be excluded.…”

Section: Other Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

A model that integrates eye velocity commands to keep track of smooth eye displacements

2006

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Past results have reported conflicting findings on the oculomotor system's ability to keep track of smooth eye movements in darkness. Whereas some results indicate that saccades cannot compensate for smooth eye displacements, others report that memory-guided saccades during smooth pursuit are spatially correct. Recently, it was shown that the amount of time before the saccade made a difference: short-latency saccades were retinotopically coded, whereas long-latency saccades were spatially coded. Here, we propose a model of the saccadic system that can explain the available experimental data. The novel part of this model consists of a delayed integration of efferent smooth eye velocity commands. Two alternative physiologically realistic neural mechanisms for this integration stage are proposed. Model simulations accurately reproduced prior findings. Thus, this model reconciles the earlier contradictory reports from the literature about compensation for smooth eye movements before saccades because it involves a slow integration process.

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Section: Other Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

A model that integrates eye velocity commands to keep track of smooth eye displacements

2006

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“…There is controversy over whether extraocular muscles send proprioceptive signals (reviewed by Ruskell 56 ), but it is thought that ocular proprioception contributes to at least some extent to our sense of object location with respect to our position. 57 Gaze direction in VYP wear would be expected to have some effect on signals of this kind. Similarly, efferent signals to extraocular muscles may be different due to altered gaze direction in VYP wear, and this may have some impact on the wearer's sense of spatial localization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Vertical Yoked Prisms on Gait

Errington

Menant

Suttle

et al. 2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Citation: Errington JA, Menant JC, Suttle CM, Bruce J, Asper LJ. The effects of vertical yoked prisms on gait. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:3949-3956. DOI:10.1167/ iovs.12-10955 PURPOSE. To investigate the influence of base down (BD) and base up (BU) yoked prism wear on gait.METHODS. Gait was assessed in 31 young healthy adults (mean age, 24.0 6 5.1 years) during and after wearing 5 prism diopter ( D ) BU yoked prisms, 5 D BD yoked prisms, and plano (PL) (zero power; control condition) lenses, worn in a pseudorandom order. Velocity; cadence; step length; double support phase; step width; and variability in step time, step width, step length, and swing time were measured as participants walked at a freely chosen walking speed along a 5.3-m electronic mat placed in the center of a 7.5-m walkway. Gait parameters were analyzed for each viewing condition before, during, and after prism wear.RESULTS. BD yoked prisms, when compared with PL, led to slower velocity, lower cadence, decreased step length, and increased step time variability (P 0.001) These gait parameters did not significantly differ between BU yoked prisms and PL lenses (P > 0.05). Measurements taken immediately on removal did not differ from those taken after a time delay of 5 minutes.CONCLUSIONS. BD yoked prisms affected gait in young healthy adults walking across an unobstructed path at their freely chosen walking speed, in that participants adopted a slower, apparently more cautious gait pattern; BU yoked prisms did not significantly affect gait. The effect of BD prism on gait may be due in part to a perception of increased height.

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“…3 The LPS muscle, unlike the superior rectus muscle, has no proprioceptive structures in the form of muscle spindles or palisade endings. 4 Mueller's muscle potentially acts like a serial kind of muscle spindle for the LPS muscle because it is doubly innervated by efferent unmyelinated sympathetic nerves as well as myelinated trigeminal proprioceptive afferents, both forming the transverse nerve that joins the lacrimal nerve. 5 The medial horn of the LPS aponeurosis lies close, blending with the reflected tendon of superior oblique muscle; in addition, superior oblique tendon damage from ptosis surgery is well recognized and may give rise to superior oblique palsy as well as Brown's syndrome.…”

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confidence: 99%