Does Exercise Timing Affect 24-Hour Glucose Concentrations in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes? A Follow Up to the Exercise-Physical Activity and Diabetes Glucose Monitoring Study

Munan, Matthew; Dyck, Rebecca A.; Houlder, S; Yardley, Jane E.; Prado, Carla M.; Snydmiller, Gary; Boulé, Normand G.

doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.05.012

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In line with this, a human experimental study found that morning exercise at 10:30 tends to be more effective than afternoon exercise at 16:30 in reducing hyperglycemia 18 . In contrast, other human experimental studies either found a greater glucose reduction in the afternoon or evening exercise groups 16 , 17 or no differences in glucose responses across morning, afternoon, and evening exercises 19 . Thus, the optimal time-of-day of PA to maximize the health benefits in humans, especially for long-term health, remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Associations of timing of physical activity with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a prospective cohort study

Feng

Liang

et al. 2023

Nat Commun

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There is a growing interest in the role of timing of daily behaviors in improving health. However, little is known about the optimal timing of physical activity to maximize health benefits. We perform a cohort study of 92,139 UK Biobank participants with valid accelerometer data and all-cause and cause-specific mortality outcomes, comprising over 7 years of median follow-up (638,825 person-years). Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) at any time of day is associated with lower risks for all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality. In addition, compared with morning group (>50% of daily MVPA during 05:00-11:00), midday-afternoon (11:00-17:00) and mixed MVPA timing groups, but not evening group (17:00-24:00), have lower risks of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. These protective associations are more pronounced among the elderly, males, less physically active participants, or those with preexisting cardiovascular diseases. Here, we show that MVPA timing may have the potential to improve public health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Associations of timing of physical activity with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a prospective cohort study

Feng

Liang

et al. 2023

Nat Commun

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“…It is important to note, however, that data from the Look AHEAD trial suggest that, although males with type 2 diabetes did not seem to have a time of day–dependent improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness, females with type 2 diabetes may have greater benefits with afternoon moderate to vigorous physical activity ( 21 ). Presently, other studies examining lower-intensity exercise, including walking ( 22 ) or mixed forms of exercise training ( 23 ), show no superiority of afternoon or evening exercise versus morning exercise in type 2 diabetes.…”

Section: Morning Versus Afternoon Exercisementioning

confidence: 87%

Is There an Optimal Time of Day for Exercise? A Commentary on When to Exercise for People Living With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes

2023

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Exercise is a cornerstone of diabetes self-care because of its association with many health benefits. Several studies that have explored the best time of day to exercise to inform clinical recommendations have yielded mixed results. For example, for people with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, there may be benefits to timing exercise to occur after meals, whereas people with type 1 diabetes may benefit from performing exercise earlier in the day. One common thread is the health benefits of consistent exercise, suggesting that the issue of exercise timing may be secondary to the goal of helping people with diabetes establish an exercise routine that best fits their life.

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“…Our review indicates that blood glucose levels may be affected by the exercise timing as two studies supported that AE/EE was more favorable for glycemic control than ME was [ 30 , 36 ]. Physical exercise is known to help reduce the body fat content, which in turn regulates insulin sensitivity and increases the muscle glucose utilization, thereby lowering the blood sugar levels [ 41 , 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In terms of blood glucose, four of the studies did not report significant changes from the baseline [ 31 , 34 , 35 , 37 ]. Among the rest studies, Matthew et al [ 36 ] divided healthy older women into ME, EE, and CON groups, and the intervention groups accepted resistance training for 12 weeks; the results of this study showed that both the ME and EE groups significantly improved the blood glucose levels of the subjects, and the decrease was more pronounced in the EE group (−4 ± 6% vs. −8 ± 10%, mmol/L). In another long-term aerobic training experiment for individuals with T2DM [ 30 ], it was found that exercise training in the afternoon significantly increased the EIGR level of the subjects when they were compared with those in the ME group ( p = 0.004).…”

Section: Outcomementioning

confidence: 89%

Time-Dependent Effects of Physical Activity on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adults: A Systematic Review

Liu¹,

Liu²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Purpose: Physical activity is an important non-drug-related method to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases, but how exercise duration affects the cardiovascular metabolic risk factors in adults remains uncertain. This review systematically examines the time-dependent effects of physical activity on cardiovascular risk factors in adults and aims to further the understanding of the temporal therapeutics of exercise. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and CNKI databases were systematically searched for relevant scientific studies from January 2000 to June 2022. Results: A total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. The sample size ranged from 11–275 participants who were diagnosed with obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), and Coronary Heart Disease (CAD), while the subjects in four studies did not report any metabolic or cardiovascular disease. Four studies conducted trials of acute exercise interventions, while the remaining intervention periods ranged from 12 days to 12 weeks. The exercise interventions included aerobic training, resistance training, aerobic training that was combined with resistance training, compound exercise, and high-intensity interval exercise, and the training frequency varied from 2–5 times/week. Conclusions: Overall, this review found some evidence that the cardiovascular risk factors in adults may be time-dependent in response to physical activity. However, it is limited by the small sample size for each of the outcomes and several methodological issues, leading to poor comparability between studies. A randomized controlled trial with a larger sample size is supposed to be designed for the relevant population to completely test whether synchronizing the exercise time point in the day with the individual’s circadian rhythm can amplify the benefits of the exercise for improving cardiovascular health.

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Does Exercise Timing Affect 24-Hour Glucose Concentrations in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes? A Follow Up to the Exercise-Physical Activity and Diabetes Glucose Monitoring Study

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Associations of timing of physical activity with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a prospective cohort study

Associations of timing of physical activity with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a prospective cohort study

Is There an Optimal Time of Day for Exercise? A Commentary on When to Exercise for People Living With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes

Time-Dependent Effects of Physical Activity on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adults: A Systematic Review

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