Does Exercise Alter Gut Microbial Composition? A Systematic Review

Mitchell, Cassie M; Davy, Brenda M.; Hulver, Matthew W.; Neilson, Andrew P.; Bennett, Brian J.; Davy, Kevin P.

doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001760

Cited by 80 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In general, our findings suggest that the PA interventions presented in included studies (with various characteristics), are positively associated with gut microbiome composition changes (i.e., diversity, specific bacterial types, and relevant gut microbiome produced metabolites). More specifically, the findings add to previous reports [9,15] by showing that focusing on endurance type PA intervention lasting at least 5 weeks, 3 times per week starting with as little as 18 min (progressing gradually to reflect CRF changes) can lead to significant alteration of gut microbiome composition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…As the gut microbiome has the potential to alter the course of many diseases [8], there is a great need to understand factors that may improve its composition. In recent years, there has been a growing body of research exploring ways to affect the gut microbiome and by it improve intestinal health; one of these avenues is through physical activity (PA) [9]. The relationships between gut microbiome and PA are well established in animal models [9].…”

Section: Attributes Of Physical Activity and Gut Microbiome In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, there has been a growing body of research exploring ways to affect the gut microbiome and by it improve intestinal health; one of these avenues is through physical activity (PA) [9]. The relationships between gut microbiome and PA are well established in animal models [9]. PA promotes gut microbiome compositional changes and supports an anti-inflammatory state [10]; changes facilitated by PA are able to influence energy balance [11] and even affect the gut-brain axis [12].…”

Section: Attributes Of Physical Activity and Gut Microbiome In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PA might diversify the gut microbiome by enhancing the number of benign microbial communities [12] or contribute to intestinal permeability [14]. In recent years, these findings have been partially translated to human research [12,15], and the results show considerable differences between studies [9]. These discrepancies are possibly due to inconsistent methodologies, both in characteristics of the used PA interventions' (i.e., varied type, intensity, dose, and frequency) and in the gut microbiome analyses.…”

Section: Attributes Of Physical Activity and Gut Microbiome In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attributes of Physical Activity and Gut Microbiome in Adults: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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Growing evidence shows the contribution of physical activity interventions to the gut microbiome. However, specific physical activity characteristics that can modify the gut microbiome are unknown. This review’s aim was to explore the contribution of physical activity intervention characteristics on human gut microbiome composition, in terms of diversity, specific bacterial groups, and associated gut microbiome metabolites. A literature search in PubMed; Cochrane Library; CINAHL-EBSCO; SCOPUS; Web of Science; ClinicalTrials.gov; PROSPERO; and ProQuest. Five studies met the inclusion criteria of a physical activity intervention duration of at least five weeks, with any description of the type or dose used. All included studies reported an endurance training; two studies used endurance and an additional muscle-strengthening training regimen. All studies reported using a dietary intervention control. Reported gut microbiome α-diversity changes were non-significant, β-diversity changes were mixed (three studies reported an increase, two reported non-significant changes). All studies reported significant changes in the abundances of specific bacterial/archaea groups and bacteria-related metabolites following interventions. In conclusion, physical activity (regardless of specific characteristics) has significant contribution to gut microbiome composition and associated metabolites. There are no current recommendations for physical activity to promote gut microbiome composition. Future studies should focus on the contribution of current recommended physical activity dose to gut microbiome composition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Attributes Of Physical Activity and Gut Microbiome In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Attributes Of Physical Activity and Gut Microbiome In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Attributes Of Physical Activity and Gut Microbiome In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attributes of Physical Activity and Gut Microbiome in Adults: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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“…The human adult gut microbiota contains trillions of microorganisms belonging to thousands of different species, and it is recognized as having a pivotal role in overall health and disease of the host [1]. The normal human gut microbiota comprises of two major phyla, namely Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and of less present phyla, such as Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutual Interactions among Exercise, Sport Supplements and Microbiota

et al. 2019

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The adult gut microbiota contains trillions of microorganisms of thousands of different species. Only one third of gut microbiota are common to most people; the rest are specific and contribute to enhancing genetic variation. Gut microorganisms significantly affect host nutrition, metabolic function, immune system, and redox levels, and may be modulated by several environmental conditions, including physical activity and exercise. Microbiota also act like an endocrine organ and is sensitive to the homeostatic and physiological changes associated with training; in turn, exercise has been demonstrated to increase microbiota diversity, consequently improving the metabolic profile and immunological responses. On the other side, adaptation to exercise might be influenced by the individual gut microbiota that regulates the energetic balance and participates to the control of inflammatory, redox, and hydration status. Intense endurance exercise causes physiological and biochemical demands, and requires adequate measures to counteract oxidative stress, intestinal permeability, electrolyte imbalance, glycogen depletion, frequent upper respiratory tract infections, systemic inflammation and immune responses. Microbiota could be an important tool to improve overall general health, performance, and energy availability while controlling inflammation and redox levels in endurance athletes. The relationship among gut microbiota, general health, training adaptation and performance, along with a focus on sport supplements which are known to exert some influence on the microbiota, will be discussed.

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The link between gut microbiome and Alzheimer's disease: From the perspective of new revised criteria for diagnosis and staging of Alzheimer's disease

Liang,

Liu,

Cheng

et al. 2024

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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Over the past decades, accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiome exerts a key role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Alzheimer's Association Workgroup is updating the diagnostic criteria for AD, which changed the profiles and categorization of biomarkers from “AT(N)” to “ATNIVS.” Previously, most of studies focus on the correlation between the gut microbiome and amyloid beta deposition (“A”), the initial AD pathological feature triggering the “downstream” tauopathy and neurodegeneration. However, limited research investigated the interactions between the gut microbiome and other AD pathogenesis (“TNIVS”). In this review, we summarize current findings of the gut microbial characteristics in the whole spectrum of AD. Then, we describe the association of the gut microbiome with updated biomarker categories of AD pathogenesis. In addition, we outline the gut microbiome‐related therapeutic strategies for AD. Finally, we discuss current key issues of the gut microbiome research in the AD field and future research directions.Highlights The new revised criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD) proposed by the Alzheimer's Association Workgroup have updated the profiles and categorization of biomarkers from “AT(N)” to “ATNIVS.” The associations of the gut microbiome with updated biomarker categories of AD pathogenesis are described. Current findings of the gut microbial characteristics in the whole spectrum of AD are summarized. Therapeutic strategies for AD based on the gut microbiome are proposed.

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Does Exercise Alter Gut Microbial Composition? A Systematic Review

Cited by 80 publications

References 47 publications

Attributes of Physical Activity and Gut Microbiome in Adults: A Systematic Review

Attributes of Physical Activity and Gut Microbiome in Adults: A Systematic Review

Mutual Interactions among Exercise, Sport Supplements and Microbiota

The link between gut microbiome and Alzheimer's disease: From the perspective of new revised criteria for diagnosis and staging of Alzheimer's disease

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