“…X. Zhang, 2007) and on the effects of internal control weakness disclosures on the cost of equity and the value of the firm (Ashbaugh-Skaife, Collins, Kinney, & LaFond, 2008; Beneish, Billings, & Hodder, 2008; Elbannan, 2009; Jain & Rezaee, 2006; Li, Pincus, & Rego, 2008; Ogneva, Subramanyam, & Raghunandan, 2008). Recent research has extended the investigation of the effectiveness of ICSs on lowering individual risk for the CEO, CFO, and other executives (Henry, Shon, & Weiss, 2011; Hoitash, Hoitash, & Johnstone, 2012). Because CEOs and CFOs are personally accountable for the effectiveness of the ICS, it is likely that they are willing to manage firms with ineffective internal controls only if owners pay them higher compensations.…”