Does Engagement In Health Behaviors Explain Differences In The Prevalence Of Asthma Between Urban And Rural Areas

Lawson, Joshua; Pickett, Will; Janssen, Ian; Bruner, Mark W.; Madani, Koroush

doi:10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a5460

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“…However, only environmental factors are likely able to explain the rapid and increasing societal burden imposed by asthma (van Tilburg Bernardes and Arrieta, 2017). Among these are factors directly and indirectly related to microbial exposures and perturbations during early life, such as respiratory infections (Stein et al, 1999;Busse et al, 2010;Olenec et al, 2010), antibiotic use (Marra et al, 2009;Russell et al, 2012;Patrick et al, 2020), birth by Caesarean section (Thavagnanam et al, 2008;Roduit et al, 2009;Darabi et al, 2019), reduced breastfeeding (Nagel et al, 2009;Kull et al, 2010), urban (vs. farm) upbringing (Wong and Chow, 2008;Lawson et al, 2011;Lawson et al, 2017), and pet exposures (Hugg et al, 2008;Fall et al, 2015). Human studies have linked these factors to distinct patterns of early-life microbial colonization that precede asthma and similar atopic disorders (Bisgaard et al, 2007;Arrieta et al, 2015;Fujimura et al, 2016;Arrieta et al, 2018), suggesting that the large community of microbes that colonize the intestinal and respiratory mucosae is an influential element in asthma pathogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fungal Microbiome and Asthma

Bernardes

Gutierrez

Arrieta

2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Asthma is a group of inflammatory conditions that compromises the airways of a continuously increasing number of people around the globe. Its complex etiology comprises both genetic and environmental aspects, with the intestinal and lung microbiomes emerging as newly implicated factors that can drive and aggravate asthma. Longitudinal infant cohort studies combined with mechanistic studies in animal models have identified microbial signatures causally associated with subsequent asthma risk. The recent inclusion of fungi in human microbiome surveys has revealed that microbiome signatures associated with asthma risk are not limited to bacteria, and that fungi are also implicated in asthma development in susceptible individuals. In this review, we examine the unique properties of human-associated and environmental fungi, which confer them the ability to influence immune development and allergic responses. The important contribution of fungi to asthma development and exacerbations prompts for their inclusion in current and future asthma studies in humans and animal models.

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