Does Employee Stock Ownership Moderate the Outcomes of Pay Dispersion?

Abstract

Gupta, Conroy, and Delery's (2012) study entitled "The many faces of pay variation" reviewed the major themes of the extant literature. There are different types of pay dispersion (horizontal and vertical), a variety of relevant theories (tournament, goalsetting, expectancy, and equity), and studies which support positive effects of either pay compression or pay dispersion. Pay dispersion is used in the literature interchangeably with spread, range, variation, and inequality; in this study the term "pay dispersion" is * Used Production, Admin. support, Prof./technical, and Sales