Does embeddedness affect growth performance in juvenile salmonids? An experimental study in brown trout, <i>Salmo trutta</i> L.

Bolliet, Valérie; Bardonnet, Agnès; Jarry, Marc; Vignes, Jean Claude; Gaudin, Philippe

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0633.2005.00100.x

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In contrast to background riffle conditions, the lowsediment riffles in this experiment provided opportunities for weight gain by rainbow trout over 100 mm at a density (about 0.16 fish/m 2 ) similar to that found in Jacoby Creek pools. Bolliet et al (2005) hypothesized that the availability of microhabitat providing relatively efficient drift feeding contributed to their finding of lower growth by young of the year brown trout Salmo trutta in embedded versus unembedded sections of an artificial stream. While our physical measurements suggested similarity among treatments in mean depth and velocity, low-sediment riffles may have offered a few microhabitats among unembedded cobbles that provided both feeding opportunities and cover exceeding those of any microhabitats available in backgroundand high-sediment enclosures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Deposited Fine Sediment on Summer Survival and Growth of Rainbow Trout in Riffles of a Small Stream

Harvey

White

Nakamoto

2009

N American J Fish Manag

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Elevated fine‐sediment inputs to streams can alter a variety of conditions and processes, including the amount of fine sediment stored in riffles. We sought to measure the influence of deposited fine sediment on the survival and growth of juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (106–130 mm fork length) using a field experiment that included 18 enclosures in riffles of a small northwestern California stream. The experiment included six replicates of three levels of deposited fine sediment (low, background, and high) that embedded riffle cobbles at 0, 50, and 100%, respectively. Only 1 of 12 fish survived in high‐sediment enclosures, while survival of fish in low‐ and background‐sediment treatments equaled or exceeded 50%. Low‐ and background‐sediment treatments could be distinguished from each other by a difference in fish growth: fish in the low‐sediment treatment gained mass, on average, while all surviving fish in the background‐sediment treatment lost mass. In addition to providing relatively high survival and growth benefits for juvenile rainbow trout, low‐sediment experimental units were colonized at significantly higher rates by other vertebrates, particularly coastal giant salamanders Dicamptodon tenebrosus. The amount of stored fine sediment in small streams may substantially influence the total amount of habitat available to vertebrates at the watershed scale.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Deposited Fine Sediment on Summer Survival and Growth of Rainbow Trout in Riffles of a Small Stream

Harvey

White

Nakamoto

2009

N American J Fish Manag

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“…Declines in stream habitat quality such as increased turbidity and sedimentation may negatively affect stream fishes by reducing prey abundance or foraging success or degrade spawning or nonspawning habitats (Hatch 1985; Sutherland et al. 2002; Tabit & Johnson 2002; Bolliet et al. 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Georgia) and their declining abundances (Margulies et al 1980;Hatch 1982) may be due to a variety of factors including habitat degradation. Declines in stream habitat quality such as increased turbidity and sedimentation may negatively affect stream fishes by reducing prey abundance or foraging success or degrade spawning or nonspawning habitats (Hatch 1985;Sutherland et al 2002;Tabit & Johnson 2002;Bolliet et al 2005). Given that gilt darters avoided depositional substrata, anthropogenic sedimentation is likely to negatively influence gilt darter fitness and population persistence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microhabitat use, movements and abundance of gilt darters (Percina evides) in southern Appalachian (USA) streams

Skyfield

Grossman

2007

Ecology of Freshwater Fish

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– We examined microhabitat use by gilt darters (Percina evides) in two streams in the south‐eastern USA. Darters were over‐represented in erosional microhabitats with higher average velocities and more cobble. Male darters tended to show stronger selection than females. Size‐based analyses showed that larger (≥60 mm) gilt darters tended to use microhabitats with more heterogeneous substrata and more boulder than smaller (≤59 mm) darters. We also conducted a short‐term movement study and calculated population estimates based on mark–recapture data in autumn 2005. Darters moved both long and short distances with 40% of all recaptures occurring within 5 m of the initial capture point. Using Program mark and model‐averaged parameter estimates gilt darter density was 0.31 darters·m−2 (225 darters/730 m2). Conservation of this species will require the preservation of erosional habitats in streams.

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“…In cases of deposition of fine sediment or a lack of regular gravel movement, riverbed clogging might occur. In Switzerland and other European countries, observations of fish experts and anglers have indicated a general increase in riverbed clogging (Walling et al 2003;Bolliet et al 2005;Fischnetz 2004). Construction work for flood protection and riverbed stabilisation up to the 1980s has contributed substantially to riverbed clogging.…”

Section: Effects Of Land-use Change On Soil Erosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and land-use changes affecting river sediment and brown trout in alpine countries—a review

Scheurer

Alewell

Bänninger

et al. 2008

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Background, aim, and scope Catch decline of freshwater fish has been recorded in several countries. Among the possible causes, habitat change is discussed. This article focuses on potentially increased levels of fine sediments going to rivers and their effects on gravel-spawning brown trout. Indications of increased erosion rates are evident from land-use change in agriculture, changes in forest management practices, and from climate change. The latter induces an increase in air and river water temperatures, reduction in permafrost, changes in snow dynamics and an increase in heavy rain events. As a result, an increase in river sediment is likely. Suspended sediment may affect fish health and behaviour directly. Furthermore, sediment loads may clog gravel beds impeding fish such as brown trout from spawning and reducing recruitment rates. To assess the potential impact on fine sediments, knowledge of brown trout reproductive needs and the effects of sediment on brown trout health were evaluated. Approach We critically reviewed the literature and included results from ongoing studies to answer the following questions, focusing on recent decades and rivers in alpine countries.-Have climate change and land-use change increased erosion and sediment loads in rivers? -Do we have indications of an increase in riverbed clogging?-Are there indications of direct or indirect effects on brown trout from increased suspended sediment concentrations in rivers or from an increase in riverbed clogging?Results Rising air temperatures have led to more intensive precipitation in winter months, earlier snow melt in spring, and rising snow lines and hence to increased erosion. Intensification of land use has supported erosion in lowland and prealpine areas in the second half of the twentieth century. In the Alps, however, reforestation of abandoned land at high altitudes might reduce the erosion risk while intensification on the lower, more easily accessible slopes increases erosion risk. Data from laboratory experiments show that suspended sediments affect the health and behaviour of fish when available in high amounts. Point measurements in large rivers indicate no common lethal threat and suspended sediment is rarely measured continuously in small rivers. However, effects on fish can be expected under environmentally relevant conditions. River bed clogging impairs the reproductive performance of gravel-spawning fish. Discussion Overall, higher erosion and increased levels of fine sediment going into rivers are expected in future. Additionally, sediment loads in rivers are suspected to have considerably impaired gravel bed structure and brown trout spawning is impeded. Timing of discharge is put forward and is now more likely to affect brown trout spawning than in previous decades. Conclusions Reports on riverbed clogging from changes in erosion and fine sediment deposition patterns, caused by climate change and land-use change are rare. This review identifies both a risk of increases in climate erosive forces and fine sedi...

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Does embeddedness affect growth performance in juvenile salmonids? An experimental study in brown trout, Salmo trutta L.

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

The Effect of Deposited Fine Sediment on Summer Survival and Growth of Rainbow Trout in Riffles of a Small Stream

The Effect of Deposited Fine Sediment on Summer Survival and Growth of Rainbow Trout in Riffles of a Small Stream

Microhabitat use, movements and abundance of gilt darters (Percina evides) in southern Appalachian (USA) streams

Climate and land-use changes affecting river sediment and brown trout in alpine countries—a review

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