“…Using a variety of animal models, a number of studies have demonstrated rescue effects associated with ES (Hartshorn et al, 1991;Kanzaki et al, 2002;Leake et al, 1999;Leake et al, 1991;Leake et al, 1992;Leake et al, 1995;Lousteau, 1987;Miller et al, 1995;Mitchell et al, 1997). In contrast, other studies report no trophic effects associated with ES per se (Araki et al, 1998;Coco et al, 2006;Li et al, 1999;Shepherd et al, 1994;Shepherd et al, 2005;Widijaja et al, 2006); these findings are consistent with a recent temporal bone study of 11 cochlear implant patients that showed no evidence of enhanced SGN survival in the implanted ear compared to the contralateral deafened control ear (Khan et al, 2005).…”