“…Measurements Bank profitability (ROA) Net income/total assets (Yousaf, Ali, & Hassan, 2019) Capital ratio Total equity/total assets (Ali, Yousaf, & Naveed, 2020;Yousaf, Ali, & Hassan, 2019) Tier-I ratio Tier-I equity/total assets (Phan, Pham, Nguyen, & Nguyen, 2021) Risk-based capital ratio Tier-I plus Tier-II/risk-weighted assets (Abbas, Ali, Yousaf, & Rizwan, 2020) Tier-I risk-based ratio Tier-I equity/risk-weighted assets (Abbas, Ali, & Ahmad, 2021) Economic freedom…”