Does Early Growth Cause a Phenotypically Plastic Response in Egg Production of Atlantic Salmon?

Jönsson, Nina; Jönsson, Bror; Fleming, Ian A.

doi:10.2307/2390266

Cited by 177 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Crossin et al (2004) reported that egg size was reduced in sockeye populations performing particularly energydemanding migrations, and Braun et al (2013) reported that in years of energetically demanding migration conditions, female sockeye salmon produced smaller eggs for their size than in years when conditions were more benign. Jonsson et al (1996) reported that Atlantic salmon egg size changes with juvenile growth rate, and similar relationships have been reported for some other salmonids (Morita et al 1999, Tamate & Maekawa 2000, but not for brown trout Salmo trutta (Jonsson & Jonsson 1999) or some Pacific salmonids Oncorhynchus spp. (Quinn et al 2004(Quinn et al , 2011.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Furthermore, field studies do not distinguish evolutionary responses to selection from adaptive phenotypic plasticity as causal mechanisms (Braun et al 2013). In addition, experimental studies testing effects of early growth on egg size have reported divergent results for closely related species (Jonsson et al 1996, Quinn et al 2011, with no explanation as to why.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Linking embryonic temperature with adult reproductive investment in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Jönsson¹,

Jönsson²,

Finstad³

2014

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The expression of fitness-related traits, such as egg and gonad size, often varies among habitats and exhibits clinal variation along climatic and latitudinal gradients. However, the mechanisms allowing such variations are obscure and have been ascribed to both phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation. We experimentally tested whether variation in egg and gonad size of a poikilotherm vertebrate is influenced by the temperature individuals experienced during embryogenesis, possibly as an epigenetic effect. Atlantic salmon Salmo salar eggs were incubated under 3 embryonic thermal regimes: cold, mixed and warm treatments. The cold group received ambient river water (mean ± SD: 2.6 ± 0.4°C) and the warm group received water at 4.6°C above ambient temperature, the expected temperature in the river towards the end of this century, from fertilization until exogenous feeding commenced. The mixed group received ambient river water until hatching, whereupon the larvae received heated water until exogenous feeding commenced. When exogenous feeding was initiated, all fish were reared under identical, natural thermal conditions. At adulthood, fish that developed from warm-incubated eggs were largest, had the highest mass−length relationship and developed larger eggs and higher gonad mass relative to their own body size. There was no similar effect of thermal environment during larval development. The treatment did not affect age of maturity or fecundity. Thus, thermal conditions during embryogenesis affected the expression of adult life-history traits, a mechanism by which fish may rapidly change the size of their propagules to the anticipated thermal offspring environment. This is a novel result explaining variation in these core life-history traits.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking embryonic temperature with adult reproductive investment in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Jönsson¹,

Jönsson²,

Finstad³

2014

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Variation in performance during the ¢rst days after emergence is likely to be of high evolutionary signi¢cance in juvenile salmonids, as this is a period of high mortality and probable intense selection in natural populations (Elliott 1989). Furthermore, the e¡ects of the observed di¡erences in the growth rate probably extend to later stages of life, in£uencing a range of ¢tness-related traits (Thorpe 1989;Johnsson 1993;Jonsson et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, environmentally induced components to maternal traits may complicate predictions of evolutionary responses to selection (Kirkpatrick & Lande 1989). Jonsson et al (1996) observed a negative correlation between egg size, adjusted for body size and growth rate experienced as a juvenile among females in a population of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). They suggested that this was caused by adaptive phenotypic plasticity, with females experiencing high growth as juveniles producing higher numbers of smaller sized eggs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal effects of egg size in brown trout (Salmo trutta): norms of reaction to environmental quality

Einum

Fleming

1999

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

378

432

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The magnitude of ¢tness variation caused by maternal e¡ects and, thus, the adaptive signi¢cance of maternal traits may depend on environmental quality, generating crossing reaction norms among o¡spring phenotypes that shape life-history evolution. By manipulating intraclutch variation in egg size and comparing siblings we examined the maternal e¡ects of egg size on o¡spring performance and tested for the existence of reaction norms to environmental quality using the brown trout Salmo trutta. When sibling groups of small and large eggs were reared separately in a hatchery environment initial size di¡er-ences disappeared rapidly. However, in semi-natural environments and under direct competition, juveniles from large eggs experienced growth and survival advantages over siblings from small eggs. Moreover, distinct reaction norms existed, with the di¡erences in performance of juveniles from small and large eggs being most pronounced in the poorer growth environments. Our results provide the ¢rst direct evidence, to our knowledge, for a causal relationship between egg size and ¢tness-related traits in ¢shes, independent of potentially confounding genetic e¡ects. Moreover, they indicate that previous studies have been biased by experimental conditions that excluded competitive asymmetries and environmental variability. The existence of reaction norms indicates a shift in optimal egg size across gradients of environmental quality that probably shapes the evolution of this trait.

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“…Therefore, the growth of females during this autumn period may have a significant effect on subsequent oocyte quality. Thus, growth during the year prior to spawning can have significant effects on the number, size and fertilization rate of eggs released more than 12 months in the future, as suggested in studies of salmonids by Thorpe et al (1984), Jonsson et al (1996), Lobon-Cervia et al (1997), Morita et al (1999), andTamate andMaekawa (2000).…”

Section: Developmental Groups In May 2002mentioning

confidence: 93%

Research on Captive Broodstock Programs for Pacific Salmon; Assessment of Captive Broodstock Technologies, Annual Report 2002-2003.

Berejikian¹

2004

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Does Early Growth Cause a Phenotypically Plastic Response in Egg Production of Atlantic Salmon?

Cited by 177 publications

References 48 publications

Linking embryonic temperature with adult reproductive investment in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Linking embryonic temperature with adult reproductive investment in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Maternal effects of egg size in brown trout (Salmo trutta): norms of reaction to environmental quality

Research on Captive Broodstock Programs for Pacific Salmon; Assessment of Captive Broodstock Technologies, Annual Report 2002-2003.

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