Does Donglan lacquer tree belong to Rhus vernicifera species?

Wan, Youchuan; Lü, Rong; Du, Yumin; Honda, Takayuki; Miyakoshi, Tetsuo

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2007.06.011

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…That is, the substance which becomes the antigen of allergic contact dermatitis penetrates the skin and combines with protein. As it comes into contact with the Langerhans cells, it becomes a primed cell and when this contacts the allergen once again, dermatitis is generated [4,10,21,24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of Allergy Inducing Materials Isolated from Rhus verniciflua Stokes on BALB/c Mice

Nam

Joo²,

Lee³

2009

Journal of Life Science

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We purified crude urushiol from natural lacquer produced in Korea, China, and Japan and then isolated several urushiol congeners known to induce allergic reactions. The 3 major kinds of urushiol congeners that were isolated and purified were RV-1 (C21H30O2, M.W. 314.462), RV-2 (C21H32O2, M.W. 316.240) and RV-3 (C23H34O2, M.W. 342.515), occupying 80% of total crude urushiol. The content of RV-1 was the highest in natural lacquer from China at 70.07%, and was the lowest in that from Japan at 62.38%. However, the content of RV-2 in natural lacquer from Japan was 9.25%, 2～3 times higher than those from Korea (4.28%) and China (3.09%). As an allergy inducing character, RV-1 had strong inducing power and durability in the primary stage, showing slow recovery. RV-2 had weak power in the primary stage and also showed slow recovery. Although RV-3 had comparatively weak power at the primary stage, it induced the strongest allergy contact dermatitis after 48 hr. However, it recovered to nearly the same level as control group 72 hr after sensitization time. Accordingly, we found out that RV-1 is the most influential of urushiol congeners in inducing allergic reactions, natural lacquer from China having the most inducible strength and slowest recovery compared to those from Korea and Japan. [3,7]. The lacquer trees are cultivated in Korea, China, India, Vietnam, Japan, Thailand, and Myanmar, which makes them exclusive to Asia.Resin, the main content of lacquer, contains 50～80% urushiol. It is a clear substance, but when it contacts air, it turns black and becomes urushi lacquer, due to the laccase effect [23]. Allergy-inducing materials that exist in natural lacquer are several kinds of urushiol congeners of similar structures. Generally, their molecular weight ranges from 300 to 500 [8]. The urushiol is toxic and causes blisters and dermatitis [21,24], but develops a durable and beautiful luster when it is dried. Also, urushi lacquer retains its qualities and color for a long period of time and does not react with acids, alkali, or heat (70 degrees and above). These characteristics make urushi lacquer useful as a varnish for wooden ware, mixed with other colorings [7].The Rhus verniciflua Stokes is effective against cancer, and is also used as a digestive, blood-purifier, insectifuge, and pain relief [2,15,16,20,22]. There are also other functional effects to our body [1,6,9,12,14,18], but it is abstained for its allergy-inducing characteristic [19].Recently, there has been a significant increase in the number of patients suffering from atopic dermatitis and respiratory disease, due to volatile organic compounds (VOC) produced from synthetic chemical varnish used in apartments and public buildings [5,11,13]. Urushi lacquer is possibly the most suitable and natural alternation. Therefore, this research aims to provide the groundwork in breeding the low-allergenic Rhus verniciflua Stokes and in developing urushi lacquer. In this research, lacquer for China, Japan and Korea were used in comparison. We isolated allergy-inducin...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, their molecular weight ranges from 300 to 500 [8]. The urushiol is toxic and causes blisters and dermatitis [21,24], but develops a durable and beautiful luster when it is dried. Also, urushi lacquer retains its qualities and color for a long period of time and does not react with acids, alkali, or heat (70 degrees and above).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Allergy Inducing Materials Isolated from Rhus verniciflua Stokes on BALB/c Mice

Nam

Joo²,

Lee³

2009

Journal of Life Science

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“…A study of lacquer trees from the southern Chinese province of Guangxi identified them as belonging to the same species (Wan et al, 2007). In addition, Garner states that the sap of Toxicodendron succedanea L. species was possibly used for lacquerware in southern China (Garner, 1979, p. 20).…”

Section: Lacquer Typementioning

confidence: 99%

Simplified Chinese lacquer techniques and Nanban style decoration on Luso-Asian objects from the late sixteenth or early seventeenth centuries

Körber

Schilling

Dias

et al. 2016

Studies in Conservation

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The meeting of multiple cultures and their mutual influence during the Portuguese expansion in Asia led to the emergence of different types of fusion styles in objects commissioned by the settlers, merchants, and religious orders present in Portuguese India. The east-Asian lacquer coatings of modestly sized wooden objects of various types dating from the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries have been analyzed as part of the research for a doctoral thesis that aims to establish their cultural and geographical attribution within the context of the Getty Conservation Institute's lacquer research project. Among the objects were three seventeenthcentury lacquered trays from Portuguese museums and private collections that had previously been classified as Japanese Nanban, Chinese or Ryukyuan lacquers or even as Indo-Portuguese artifacts. The materials and techniques that were identified show close similarities with Chinese techniques mentioned in historic accounts -the only existing Ming Chinese Treatise on lacquering Xiushi lu and the eighteenth-century memoirs of the Jesuit priest d'Incarville. These nearly 400-year-old artifacts are among the first lacquered objects commissioned by Europeans and probably the first of Chinese origin. Their detailed technical study contributes to international lacquer research and complements existing knowledge and perceptions of the lacquering processes that were applied in response to an early European demand for exotic items.

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“…Py-GC/MS is also used to identify the species of lacquer tree. In general, Chinese lacquer trees belong to the Rhus vernicifera family; however, lacquer trees in the Donglan area of Guangxi Province in China were identified as Rhus succedanea species by analyzing their characteristic pyrolysis products [43]. In the identification of lacquer trees, pyrolysis is an alternative and efficient technique [44].…”

Section: Application Of Py-gc/ms To Ancient Lacquer Waresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry in Lacquer Research: A Review

Lü

Miyakoshi

2014

Polymers

Self Cite

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Examination of thermal degradation of natural and synthetic lacquer films by pyrolysis-gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) is reviewed. Due to the instantaneous heating decomposition, side reactions of internal or intermediate samples hardly occur, and the pyrolysis products can be retrieved without any change. Py-GC/MS has been used to analyze the composition of insoluble polymers and investigate degradation of resin materials. Lacquer film is a cross-linked polymer that is insoluble in any solvent. The aim of this review is to describe the application of Py-GC/MS to the analysis of lacquer, including natural lacquer saps, synthetic lacquer derivatives, and their films. After analyzing the chemical structures of the specific pyrolysis products by mass spectrometry, the lacquer tree species and growing region can be determined. These results have great significance for the protection and restoration of lacquer-coated cultural treasures.

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Does Donglan lacquer tree belong to Rhus vernicifera species?

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Characteristics of Allergy Inducing Materials Isolated from Rhus verniciflua Stokes on BALB/c Mice

Characteristics of Allergy Inducing Materials Isolated from Rhus verniciflua Stokes on BALB/c Mice

Simplified Chinese lacquer techniques and Nanban style decoration on Luso-Asian objects from the late sixteenth or early seventeenth centuries

Application of Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry in Lacquer Research: A Review

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