Does diversity include me? Colorblindness and racial triangulation among Asian Americans on two college campuses

Chan, Esther

doi:10.1080/01419870.2019.1671598

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Honorary whites approximate or even surpass whites along key measures of well-being, including median incomes, occupational status, levels of educational attainment, and residential integration. They often times see themselves as separate from other minorities as well (Chan 2020). They function more as tools of white supremacy than as victims of it (Bonilla-Silva 2004:934).…”

Section: Asian Americans As Honorary Whitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Over-zealous Parents, Over-programmed Families”: Asian Americans, Academic Achievement, and White Supremacy

Dhingra

2021

Sociology of Race and Ethnicity

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Discussions of white supremacy focus on patterns of whites’ stature over people of color across institutions. When a minority group achieves more than whites, it is not studied through the lens of white supremacy. For example, arguments of white supremacy in K-12 schools focus on the disfranchisement of African Americans and Latinxs. Discussions of high-achieving Asian American students have not been framed as such and, in fact, can be used to argue against the existence of white privilege. This article explains why this conception is false. White supremacy can be active even when people of color achieve more than whites. Drawing from interviews and observations of mostly white educators in Boston suburbs that have a significant presence of Asian American students, I demonstrate that even when Asian Americans outcompete whites in schools, white supremacy is active through two means. First, Asian Americans are applauded in ways that fit a model minority stereotype and frame other groups as not working hard enough. Second and more significantly, Asian Americans encounter anti-Asian stereotypes and are told to assimilate into the model of white educators. This treatment is institutionalized within the school system through educators’ practices and attitudes. These findings somewhat support but mostly contrast the notion of “honorary whiteness,” for they show that high-achieving minorities are not just tools of white supremacy toward other people of color but also targets of it themselves. Understanding how high-achieving minorities experience institutionalized racism demonstrates the far reach of white supremacy.

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Section: Asian Americans As Honorary Whitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Over-zealous Parents, Over-programmed Families”: Asian Americans, Academic Achievement, and White Supremacy

Dhingra

2021

Sociology of Race and Ethnicity

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“…Relatedly, anti-Asian research must be conducted beyond the typical and commonly studied settings within which they are conducted, given that much of the literature on MMM and their harmful effects on Asian Americans are conducted in either academic (Poon et al, 2016; Tummala-Narra et al, 2018) or workplace (Lai, 2013; Yu, 2020) environments. Similarly, much of the scholarship on racial triangulation has been conducted in higher education settings (Chan, 2019; Yi & Todd, 2021), highlighting that outside of academia, there is lesser scholarship on Asian American experiences of racism in community settings. Thus, there is a need for other disciplines, including the field of Counseling Psychology, to recruit, identify, and address the needs of Asian Americans outside educational settings to address anti-Asian racism, antiblackness, and white supremacy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While there is a growing body of empirical research on racial triangulation and the MMM (Chan, 2019; Yi & Todd, 2021), few studies simultaneously examine antiblackness. Recent scholarship has highlighted the link between the endorsement of the MMM and anti-Black attitudes in Asian Americans (Yi & Todd, 2021) and White Americans (Lee & Outten, 2020).…”

Section: The Racial Positionality Of Asian Americans and Antiblacknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings corroborate our participants' experiences of being invisible when it comes to having other people acknowledge and validate Asian American racism. Furthermore, research has shown that diversity initiatives on college campuses have lacked Asian American inclusivity (Chan, 2019). Thus, leaders and administrators must advocate for the inclusion of Asian Americans in antiracism efforts.…”

Section: Implications For Research Practice and Advocacymentioning

confidence: 99%

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At the intersection of the model minority myth and antiblackness: From Asian American triangulation to recommendations for solidarity.

Wang¹,

Santos²

2023

Journal of Counseling Psychology

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Asian Americans are situated in a triangulated role in a black-white racial hierarchy designed to legitimize white supremacy (Kim, 1999). However, little is known about the lived experiences of Asian American triangulation and even less so in the context of anti-Asian racism. The present study was initially designed to examine anti-Asian racism at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, in a sociopolitical climate described as a "racial reckoning," our study evolved to capture the process of racial triangulation and the interplay of anti-Asian racism and antiblackness. Based on the online responses of 201 Asian Americans (from over 32 U.S. states), four themes emerged to showcase the ways in which Asian Americans suffered from and recapitulated racial oppression: (a) anti-Asian racism is overlooked in the black-white racial discourse, (b) anti-Asian racism is not taken seriously, (c) anti-Asian racism is also perpetrated by people of color (POC), and (d) anti-Asian racism is deprioritized in the presence of anti-Black racism. Regarding participant recommendations to combat anti-Asian racism, our second research question focused on areas of convergence with dismantling anti-Black racism. Two key themes emerged: (a) foster Asian American pan-ethnic solidarity and (b) build and strengthen cross-racial coalitions (POC solidarity and White allyship). Altogether, our study descriptively captured the process of racial triangulation to showcase the manifestation and recapitulation of anti-Asian racism and antiblackness. While Asian Americans suffered as victims and perpetrators of racial oppression, they also recognized the need to dismantle white supremacy with racial solidarity, coalition-building, and advocacy. Public Significance StatementThis study examined the racial triangulation of Asian Americans to identify the interplay between anti-Asian racism and antiblackness during the early months of COVID-19. Our findings showed that Asian Americans simultaneously perpetrated and suffered from racial triangulation and that they were victims and perpetrators of anti-Asian racism and antiblackness. Our findings conclude with participant recommendations for dismantling white supremacy and highlight the need for racial solidarity, coalition-building, and advocacy.

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“…Much of this can be attributed to a chilly campus climate (Paredes‐Collins 2014). Little is known about different types of color‐cognizance among students enrolled in Christian higher education despite growing research on this in nonsectarian colleges (Chan 2020; Jayakumar and Adamian 2017; Warikoo and de Novais 2015). Research shows that White students enrolled in an education class at a Christian College expressed views on race and racism that did not largely differ from what Emerson and Smith (2000) found among their White respondents, suggesting that their views do not largely differ from broader White evangelical views (Modica 2012).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial and Religious Convergences and Divergences among Christian Students’ Approaches to Color‐Blindness, Color‐Cognizance, and Race in Christian Organizations

Chan

Jeong

2023

Scientific Study of Religion

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Drawing on survey data of Christian students (N = 4261) enrolled at 11 colleges that are part of the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities, we examine color-blindness, different types of color-cognizance, and views on race in Christian organizations. We find significant differences between students of color and White students in color-blindness and color-cognizance but find racial convergence in the importance of racial reconciliation. Net of controls, greater evangelical orthodoxy is associated with color-cognizant views that perceive prejudicial treatment against White people, undercut the experiences of people of color, and is associated with more positive views of Christian organizations' roles in race relationships. Concurrently, upper year students differ significantly from first years in their racial attitudes and views on race in Christian organizations, suggesting that Christian education may shape racial views positively. Our findings have implications for theorizing how evangelical Christianity and evangelical colleges maintain and challenge color-blindness and White supremacy.

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Does diversity include me? Colorblindness and racial triangulation among Asian Americans on two college campuses

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

“Over-zealous Parents, Over-programmed Families”: Asian Americans, Academic Achievement, and White Supremacy

“Over-zealous Parents, Over-programmed Families”: Asian Americans, Academic Achievement, and White Supremacy

At the intersection of the model minority myth and antiblackness: From Asian American triangulation to recommendations for solidarity.

Racial and Religious Convergences and Divergences among Christian Students’ Approaches to Color‐Blindness, Color‐Cognizance, and Race in Christian Organizations

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