“…6,10,17,20,[27][28][29] Thus, the VP needs ratio has been supportive as an anatomic indicator for the ability to achieve VP closure during speech. 12,13,23,[30][31][32] Notably, within these seminal works, a measure of linear velar length is often described and measured as a straight line from the posterior maxillary point (PMP) or posterior nasal spine (PNS) to the uvular tip. This is common in clinical settings.…”