“…First, digital transformation can lower both internal and external transaction costs and reduce managerial and production costs; in addition, it can restrain overly optimistic expectations within the management, significantly inhibiting cost stickiness (Chen & Xu, 2023). Second, digital transformation facilitates research and development (R&D) investment; stimulates firm innovation outcomes and enhances innovation efficiency; and promotes technological innovation and productivity growth (Gaglio et al, 2022;Guo et al, 2023;Li et al, 2023;Zhang et al, 2023). Third, digital transformation can enhance the operation efficiency and financial performance of the firm; as such, it is an important channel for firms to build a market competitive advantage (Li et al, 2023;Zhai et al, 2022).…”