“…Regarding the main type of corruption (private-to-public), the literature can be presented based on the use of microeconomic and macroeconomic approaches. Within the latter field, many authors have developed different analyses (Álvarez Etxeberria & Aldaz Odriozola, 2018; Amor-Esteban, Galindo-Villardón, García-Sánchez, & David, 2019;Borja, 2017;Gelbrich et al, 2016;Gillanders & Neselevska, 2018;Gorsira, Denkers, & Huisman, 2018;Liu et al, 2019;Martin et al, 2007;Rady, 2018;Seleim & Bontis, 2009;Zhu & Zhang, 2017). Rady (2018) studies the effect of bribery on foreign direct investments in developing countries.…”