Does coping style affect behavioral responses and growth performance of lambs weaned at different ages?

Çakmakçı, Cihan; Karaca, Serhat; María, G. A.

doi:10.1016/j.jveb.2020.10.009

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In our study, the DL-lactate level in the serum of the DK group was higher than that in the HK group ( Figure 6A ), which may be caused by the increased abundance of Lactobacillus in feces of the DK group ( Figure 3E ). The higher concentration of serum lactate in the DK group could also be caused by the stress response at weaning, as weaned youngs increase their locomotion ( Menant et al, 2022 ) and, consequently, the concentration of lactate in the blood ( Çakmakçi et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Weaning and Milk Substitutes Affect the Gut Microbiome, Metabolomics, and Antibody Profile in Goat Kids Suffering From Diarrhea

Zhong

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Early weaning and milk substitutes increase the incidence of diarrhea in young ruminants, which may modify their gut microbiota, metabolism, immunity, and health. The aim of the study was to determine if early weaning and milk substitutes affect the gut microbiota, metabolism, and immunological status of goat kids suffering from diarrhea. The 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing in feces and serum metabolomics of early-weaned and artificially reared goat kids suffering from diarrhea (DK group) and healthy goat kids reared by their mothers (HK group) were analyzed. The serum biochemistry and immunoglobulin concentration were also determined. Several probiotics, such as Streptococcus and Lactobacillus, were higher in the feces of the DK group than in feces of the HK group. Ruminococcus sp. was elevated in the feces of HKs, likely being a biomarker for goat health. Taking all the carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) families into consideration, 20 CAZyme families were different between the groups. Compared with the DK group, the relative quantity of glycoside hydrolases (GH) and glycosyltransferase (GT) families in the HK group decreased. GT70 was only identified in HK kids participating in the activity of β-glucuronosyltransferase during the carbohydrate metabolism. Overall, 24 metabolites were different between the groups, which were mainly involved in protein digestion and absorption, cyanoamino acid metabolism, and cholesterol metabolism. The concentrations of immunoglobulins G and M were significantly lower in the DK than in the HK group. In conclusion, our study characterized the fecal microbiota, metabolism, and immunological status of early-weaned and artificially reared goat kids suffering from diarrhea.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Weaning and Milk Substitutes Affect the Gut Microbiome, Metabolomics, and Antibody Profile in Goat Kids Suffering From Diarrhea

Zhong

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Post-weaning, GW2 displayed lower levels of ‘frustrated suckling motivation’ (Experiment 1). However, it should be noted that behavioral analysis could not be recorded on the individual level which is a limitation as inter-individual behavioral differences are apparent in goat kids ( 31 , 32 ) which likely impact their coping ability ( 32 , 33 ) and productivity ( 34 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gradually weaning goat kids may improve weight gains while reducing weaning stress and increasing creep feed intakes

et al. 2023

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Most dairy goat farms rear kids on ad libitum milk replacer; calf research suggests this improves growth and welfare, but solid feed intakes are problematic. Weaning can be gradual (incremental milk reduction) or abrupt (sudden, complete milk removal, which evidence suggests reduces welfare). Three treatments were created: abrupt weaning (AW: ad libitum milk until weaning) and gradual weaning [milk ad libitum until day 35, then milk unavailable 3.5 h/day until day 45 when milk removal was a 7 h/day block (gradual weaning 1: GW1) or two 3.5 h/day blocks (gradual weaning 2; GW2)]; complete milk removal occurred at day 56 for all. Experiment 1 investigated on-farm feasibility, behavior, and average daily gain (ADG). Experiment 2 investigated feed intakes, behavior, and ADG for AW and GW2. Experiment 1 had 261 kids (nine pens of 25–32), CCTV recorded 6 h/day, and group-level scan sampling recorded target behaviors. Kruskal–Wallis tests showed GW2 kids spent more time feeding on solids during weaning (p = 0.001) and displayed lower levels of ‘frustrated suckling motivation’ PostWean (p = 0.008). However, feeding competition differed PreWeaning (p = 0.007). ADG data from 159 female kids analyzed by a general linear model (fixed factor: treatment; covariate: day 34 weight) found GW2 had the highest ADG from day 35–45 (p ≤ 0.001) and no differences from day 45 to 56, and AW had the highest ADG PostWean (day 56–60). Experiment 2 had two AW pens (9 kids/pen) and two GW2 pens (8 and 9 kids/pen). A computerized feeder recorded milk intakes from day 22 to 56. Pen-level solid feed/water intakes were recorded from day 14–70. General linear models (fixed factor: treatment; covariate: PreWean value) found GW2 kids had higher ADG (p = 0.046) and lower milk intake (p = 0.032) from day 45–55, and PostWean (day 56–70) trended toward GW2 higher ADG (p = 0.074). Mann–Whitney U tests showed pen-level feed intake differences: AW had higher creep and straw throughout, GW2 showed higher creep during weaning (day 35–55), and higher water PostWean (>56 d). Behavioral observations suggest that gradually weaned kids may have enhanced welfare. Pen-level gradual weaning is feasible and, while weight gain results were mixed, it reduced milk intake, increased creep intake, and therefore combined with behavioral evidence can be recommended.

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“…Artificially reared lambs that had received gentling had reduced cortisol levels post-isolation compared to artificially reared lambs that did not receive gentling. Other studies have reported no such relationship between behavioral activity levels and cortisol concentrations following arena and open field testing (Beausoleil et al, 2012;Cakmakci et al, 2021).…”

Section: Behavioral Activity and Hpa-axis Activitymentioning

confidence: 92%

“…To further confuse the matter, the relationship between HPA-axis activation and behavioral reactivity in sheep is somewhat inconsistent. While some authors report a positive relationship between HPA-axis activation and withdrawal or freeze behavior in the presence of a human (Caroprese et al, 2010;Yu et al, 2021), others have reported no differences between activity level and cortisol response in sheep (Beausoleil et al, 2012;Cakmakci et al, 2021). Nonetheless, behavioral phenotypes are recognized as strong determinants of disease susceptibility in evolutionary biology (Barber and Dingemanse, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between immune competence phenotype and stress response in sheep

Schiller,

Monk,

Lee

et al. 2023

Front. Anim. Sci.

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Immune competence in domestic sheep is gaining more attention in genetic selection programs that seek to enhance flock immunity and animal welfare. A goal of many programs is to identify behavioral phenotypes that indicate stress-coping strength, as well as disease resilience. The current study set out to explore the relationship between immune responsiveness, physiological stress, and behavioral response among sheep that had been selected for ‘low’ (LR) or ‘high’ (HR) response to cell-mediated and antibody-mediate reactivity to a clostridial vaccine. Multiparous ewes were placed in four experiments which exposed the animals to various threats including, dog presence, human proximity, visual isolation from flock, and physical restraint. To evaluate the consistency of behavioral phenotypes, all ewes were placed in the test circuit one year later. Basal body temperature (via iButton) and serum cortisol concentrations were collected prior to and after the circuit each year. Immune group (HR vs. LR) was not found to be related to behavioral performance during the dog, human, isolation, or restraint challenge. Immune group categorization was also unrelated to pre- and post-cortisol concentrations, and the change in cortisol concentrations during testing. There was a negative relationship identified between response to visual isolation and change in cortisol response during testing, indicating that sheep which were more active or agitated during visual isolation from the flock experienced less of an increase in serum cortisol levels and were perhaps experiencing a negative, high arousal state compared to less reactive sheep (e.g., freeze behavior) (χ2(4, N=99) = 42.72, P <0.0001). There was also a post hoc, positive relationship identified between weight measurements and immune group, such that individuals with greater body weight were more likely to be in the high immune responsiveness group (P= 0.01). Specifically, for every unit increase in weight, there was a ~49% chance of being categorized in the HR group. This is relevant for selection programs because producers that seek to enhance immune responsiveness and performance may be able to select sheep that carry a greater body mass, and while not found in the present study, could lead to greater flock immunity.

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Does coping style affect behavioral responses and growth performance of lambs weaned at different ages?

Cited by 12 publications

References 64 publications

Early Weaning and Milk Substitutes Affect the Gut Microbiome, Metabolomics, and Antibody Profile in Goat Kids Suffering From Diarrhea

Early Weaning and Milk Substitutes Affect the Gut Microbiome, Metabolomics, and Antibody Profile in Goat Kids Suffering From Diarrhea

Gradually weaning goat kids may improve weight gains while reducing weaning stress and increasing creep feed intakes

Associations between immune competence phenotype and stress response in sheep

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